[46] Of this pamphlet or the translation of Palm's _Deutschland in seiner tiefsten Erniedrigung_, I know nothing. The author, John Philip Palm, a Nuremberg bookseller, was shot August 26, 1806, in consequence of the publication of the work, which reflected unfavorably on the conduct and career of Napoleon.
[47] Compare his letter to Poole, dated December 4, 1808. "Begin to count my life, as a friend of yours, from 1st January, 1809;" and a letter to Davy, of December, 1808, in which he speaks of a change for the better in health and habits. _Thomas Poole and his Friends_, ii. 227; _Fragmentary Remains of Sir H. Davy_, p. 101.
[48] The Convention of Cintra was signed August 30, 1808. Wordsworth's Essays were begun in the following November. "For the sake of immediate and general circulation I determined (when I had made a considerable progress in the manuscript) to print it in different portions in one of the daily newspapers. Accordingly two portions of it were printed, in the months of December and January, in the _Courier_. An accidental loss of several sheets of the manuscript delayed the continuance of the publication in that manner till the close of the Christmas holidays; and this plan of publication was given up." _Advertisement to Wordsworth's pamphlet on the Convention of Cintra_, May 20, 1809: _Letters from the Lake Poets_, p. 385.
[49] "In the place of some just eulogiums due to Mr. Pitt was substituted some abuse and detraction." Allsop's _Letters_, 1836, ii. 112.
[50] A preliminary prospectus of _The Friend_ was printed at Kendal and submitted to Jeffrey and a few others. A copy of this "first edition" is in my possession, and it is interesting to notice that Coleridge has directed his amanuensis, Miss Hutchinson, to amend certain offending phrases in accordance with Jeffrey's suggestions. "Speculative gloom" and "year-long absences" he gives up, but, as the postscript intimates, "moral impulses" he has the hardihood to retain. See _The Friend's Quarterly Examiner_ for July, 1893, art. "S. T. Coleridge on Quaker Principles;" and _Athenæum_ for September 16, 1893, art. "Coleridge on Quaker Principles."
[51] Thomas Wilkinson, of Yanwath, near Penrith, was a member of the Society of Friends. He owned and tilled a small estate on the banks of the Emont, which he laid out and ornamented "after the manner of Shenstone at his Leasowes." As a friend and neighbour of the Clarksons and of Lord Lonsdale he was well known to Wordsworth, who, greatly daring, wrote in his honour his lines "To the Spade of a Friend (an Agriculturist)."