INNUMERUS; INNUMERABILIS. +Innumerus+ is a poetical and choice expression, like numberless, #anêrithmos#; +innumerabilis+, a prosaic and usual expression, like innumerable, #anarithmêtos#. (vi. 173.)
INSTITUERE; INSTAURARE; RESTITUERE; RESTAURARE. +Instituere+ means to establish a profane, +instaurare+, a sacred, or honorable, or generally important institution, such as sacrifices, sacred games, wars and battles. Hence is _instituere_ itself a usual, _instaurare_, a solemn, select expression. In the same manner _restituere_ is distinguished from _restaurare_. (iv. 300.)
INTELLIGERE; SENTIRE; COGNOSCERE. +Intelligere+ denotes a rational discernment, by means of reflection and combination; +sentire+, a natural discernment, by means of the feelings, immediate images, or perceptions, whether of the senses or of the mind; lastly, +cognoscere+ denotes an historical discernment, by means of the senses and of tradition. Sen. Ir. iii. 13. Quidni gauderet, quod iram suam multi _intelligerent_, nemo _sentiret_? Cic. N. D. iii. 24. Quare autem in his vis deorum insit, tum _intelligam_ quum _cognovero_. (vi. 175.)
INTERCAPEDO; INTERRUPTIO; INTERPELLATIO; INTERLOCUTIO. +Intercapedo+ and +interruptio+ are any interruption of another person's business; +intercapedo+, a quiet, often even a benevolent interruption; +interruptio+, a violent and turbulent interruption; whereas +interpellatio+ and +interlocutio+ are only the interruption of a speech by speaking between; the _interpellator_ will nearly prevent the speaker from going on; the _interlocutor_ will make himself also heard in the midst of another's speech. (vi. 176.)
INTEREA; INTERIM. +Interea+ refers to a business of some duration, which takes place in a space of time, as in the mean time; +interim+, to a momentary business, as in the midst of this. They have the same relation to each other, as a point of time to a space of time. Cic. Quint. 6. Hæc dum Romæ geruntur . . . Quintius _interea_ de agro detruditur; that is, gradually; comp. with Fam. x. 12. _Interim_ ad me venit Manutius noster. Tac. Ann. xi. 32. Non rumor _interea_, sed undique nuntii incedunt . . . Atque _interim_ Ostiensem viam intrat. (iv. 271.)
INTERFICERE; PERIMERE; INTERIMERE; NECARE; OCCIDERE; JUGULARE; OBTRUNCARE; TRUCIDARE; PERCUTERE. +Interficere+ and +perimere+ are the most general expressions for putting to death, in whatever manner, and from whatever motive, _fame_, _veneno_, _suspendio_, _ferro_, _suppliciis_, _dolo_, like #kteinein#; but +interficere+ as a usual, +perimere+ as an old, forcible, poetical expression. +Interimere+ involves the accessory notion of privacy, as to remove out of the way; #anairein#; +necare+, that of injustice, or, at least, cruelty, to murder, #phoneuein#. Cic. Tusc. v. 20. Dionysius alterum jussit _interfici_, quia viam demonstravisset _interimendi_ sui. Curt. ix. 7, 8. Boxum protinus placuit _interfici_; Biconem etiam per cruciatus _necari_. 2. +Occidere+, +jugulare+, +trucidare+, +obtruncare+, +percutere+, denote a sanguinary death-blow; +occidere+ means by cutting down, especially the business of the soldier in honorable open battle; +jugulare+, by cutting the throat or neck, or rather by a skilfully-directed thrust into the collar-bone, especially the business of the bandit, after the pattern of the gladiator, like #sphaxai#; +obtruncare+ means to butcher, massacre, and cut to pieces, after the manner of the awkward murderer; +trucidare+, to slaughter as one would a steer, after the manner of the blood-thirsty miscreant, who, without meeting with resistance, plays the hero on the defenceless; +percutere+, to execute, as a mere mechanical act, after the manner of the headsman, or other executioner of a sentence of condemnation, or, at least, of a death-warrant. Senec. Contr. iii. 21. Nec dominum _occidit_, nec domino venenum dedit. Hor. Ep. i. 2. Ut _jugulent_ hominem, surgunt de nocte latrones. Sallust. Fr. Cæteri vice pecorum _obtruncantur_; so that you may see a mangled mass of limbs, as in the heap of slain in a battle. Tac. Hist. . . . Juberet _interfici_; offerre se corpora iræ; _trucidaret_. Cic. Cat. iv. 6. and Rosc. Am. 34. Cujus consilio _occisus_ sit invenio; cujus manu _percussus_ sit non invenio. (iii. 181.)