Frederick Clifton White Sr. (June 13, 1918 - January 9, 1993), was an American political consultant and campaign manager for candidates of the Republican Party, the New York Conservative Party, and some foreign clients. He is best remembered as the moving force behind the Draft Goldwater Committee from 1961 to 1964, which secured a majority of delegates to nominate U.S. Senator Barry M. Goldwater of Arizona as the presidential candidate of the Republican Party.
Early years
White was born on June 13, 1918, in Leonardsville in upstate New York and graduated in 1940 from Colgate University in Hamilton, New York. He flew as a navigator on dozens of missions for the United States Army Air Corps during World War II, having earned the Distinguished Flying Cross. After the war, he taught political science at Ithaca College and Cornell University.
In his only candidacy, White was defeated in a Republican primary election for Congress in 1946, a heavily Republican year. His activism grew more intense; he served in Youth for Dewey, was a member of the New York Young Republican Club, and in 1948 and rose to chair the New York State Young Republicans organization. He was also chairman of the Republican parties in Ithaca and Tompkins County, New York. He attended all Republican national conventions from 1948 to 1992 and was widely recognized for his bow ties and colorful suits.
Career
White's Young Republicans activism brought him into collaboration with conservative firebrands, William A. Rusher and John M. Ashbrook, to nominate a conservative Republican for President. The effort began quietly with meetings in 1961 with other party activists.
The movement grew to a full-time operation with a Manhattan office opened in the spring of 1962; its address in the Chanin Building gave White the title of his account of the Goldwater campaign, Suite 3505.
Goldwater's speech at the 1960 Republican National Convention included the phrase, "Let's grow up, conservatives. If we want to take this party back, and I think some day we can. Let's get to work." White and other younger activists took this as their rallying cry and ultimately convinced the reluctant Arizonan to run. Goldwater announced his candidacy less than two months after the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
Organizing
White was credited with organizing highly effective grassroots operations in the states that secured enough delegates for a surprising Goldwater victory on the first ballot at the 1964 Republican National Convention held in San Francisco. White's team bested the better-funded Eastern Establishment campaigns of New York Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller, Pennsylvania Governor William Scranton, and several others.
However, after the convention, Goldwater declined to give White the lead role of chairman of the Republican National Committee, a designation which went instead to Dean Burch of Arizona. Goldwater named his personal friend of nearly three decades, Denison Kitchel, a Phoenix lawyer, as the national campaign manager. According to author Theodore H. White (no relation), Clif White was "dismissed" to "an outer circle of advisers."
White was left to organize an independent campaign, Citizens for Goldwater-Miller. The group sponsored the national broadcast of October 27, 1964, "A Time for Choosing", featuring a speech by actor Ronald Reagan warning of the dire national consequences unless Goldwater won the election. Inexplicably, several of Goldwater's close advisers tried to halt the Reagan broadcast. As widely predicted, Goldwater was overwhelmed by incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Regan's speech for Citizens of Goldwater-Miller in 1964 is considered the launching pad of his career in politics. In 1968, White guided Ronald Reagan's brief presidential campaign. At the time Reagan had been governor of California for fewer than two years. Reagan came in third at the 1968 Republican National Convention held in Miami Beach, Florida, with 182 delegates, behind Rockefeller and first-ballot winner Richard M. Nixon, the former Vice President of the United States.