In Plate V., Figs. 10 and 11, the piers had columns surrounding them whose shafts in the Lancet period were _detached_, but connected at their extremities by moulded _stone bands_ (A, B), and at the bases and capitals. These piers were sometimes carried to a great height, as those in Westminster Abbey, which have three of these _stone bands_ in their height. In the Geometrical period the shafts formed part of the main pier, were not detached, and resembled mouldings (Plate V., Fig. 11). Such shafts were described as _engaged_.
Plate V., Fig. 7, shows a tower with a _broach-spire_ belonging to the Early English period. In the figure the four broaches are the small pyramids covering the _squinch arches_ or _squinch corbels_, which carried four of the eight sides of the octagonal spire across the angles of the tower.
Plate V., Fig. 4, shows three _Lancet windows_ under a single arch or dripstone. This grouping of the windows soon suggested the design of tracery windows, in which the lights are separated by _mullions_, the simplest form being as represented in the Lichfield Chapter-house in Plate V., Fig. 9. Geometrical arrangements were invented from the simple one (Plate V., Fig. 5) to the elaborate windows and arcades of Westminster Abbey. Cusps (_spear points_) were formed in the tracery, the _Soffit-cusp_ (s.c.) projecting from the underside of the mullion, indicating early work and uncommon. All other cusps were worked on the _chamfer_ (c.c), their points being variously shaped.
In Plate V., Fig. 8, the capitals were either moulded, or carved with _stiff-leaf foliage_, being _conventional_--_i.e._, designed on natural principles, but not in imitation of nature, and sometimes of great beauty, but never so delicate as to suggest its unsuitability to the material in which it was wrought. Hollows in the arch and other mouldings were enriched with the _tooth ornament_ (Plate V., Fig. 12), which occurs in the Lancet period only.
Plate V., Fig. 2, shows the decoration of gables with _crockets_ and _finial_.
Plate V., Fig. 3, shows _diaper_ ornaments used in wall decoration.
Plate V., Fig. 6, shows a _string course_ and _dripstone_. All mouldings consist of large rounds and deep hollows, separated by fillets (a, b), and are frequently arranged in extensive groups, as in doorways, arcading, etc.