[116] D. B. i. 127 b, Fuleham: 'Ibi 5 villani quisque 1 hidam.' There are a good many other instances.
[117] D. B. i. 130, Hamntone; 'et 4 bordarii quisque de dimidia virga.'
[118] D. B. i. 127, Herges: 'et 2 cotarii de 13 acris.'
[119] D. B. i. 127 b, Fuleham: 'et 22 cotarii de dimidia hida et 8 cotarii de suis hortis.'
[120] D. B. ii. 75 b: 'et 5 bordarii super aquam qui non tenent terram.'
[121] D. B. i. 163 b, Turneberie: 'et 42 villani et 18 radchenistre cum 21 carucis et 23 bordarii et 15 servi et 4 coliberti.' Ibid. 164, Hechanestede: 'et 5 villani et 8 bordarii cum 6 carucis; ibi 6 servi.'
[122] D. B. iv. 215-223; on p. 223 there are two _villani_ with one ox.
[123] D. B. i. 164, Tedeneham: 'Ibi erant 38 villani habentes 38 carucas.' Ibid. 164 b, Nortune, '15 villani cum 15 carucis; Stanwelle, 5 villani cum 5 carucis.'
[124] Malden, Domesday Survey of Surrey (Domesday Studies, ii.) 469, says that in Surrey '_bordarii_ and _cotarii_ only occur once together upon the same manor, and very seldom in the same hundred.... There are three hundreds, Godalming, Wallington and Elmbridge, where the _cotarii_ are nearly universal to the exclusion of _bordarii_. In the others the _bordarii_ are nearly or quite universal, to the exclusion of the _cotarii_.'
[125] Thorpe, Diplomatarium, 623. King Eadwig declares that a certain church-ward of Exeter is 'free and fare-worthy.'
[128] Liebermann, Instituta Cnuti, Transact. Roy. Hist. Soc. vii. 93.
[129] Leg. Will. Conq. I. 8: 'La were del thein 20 lib. in Merchenelahe, 25 lib. in Westsexenelahe. La were del vilain 100 sol. en Merchenelahe e ensement en Westsexene.' Leg. Henr. 70, § 1: 'In Westsexa quae caput regni est et legum, twyhindi, i.e. villani, wera est 4 lib.; twelfhindi, i.e. thaini, 25 lib.' Ibid. 76, § 2: 'Omnis autem wera liberorum est aut servorum ... liberi alii twyhindi, alii syxhindi, alii twelfhindi'; § 6, twihindus = cyrliscus = villanus. As to the 100 shillings in the first of these passages, see Schmid, p. 676. There is some other evidence that the equation, 1 Norman shilling = 2 English shillings, was occasionally treated as correct enough. As to the six-hynde man, see Schmid, p. 653; we may doubt whether he existed in the eleventh century, but according to the Instituta Cnuti the _radchenistres_ of the west may have been six-hynde. We must not draw from Alfred's treaty with the Danes (Schmid, p. 107) the inference that the normal ceorl was seated on _gafol-land_. This international instrument is settling an exceptionally high tariff for the maintenance of the peace. Every man, whatever his rank, is to enjoy the handsome wergild of 8 half-marks of pure gold, except the Danish lysing and the English ceorl who is seated on gafol-land; these are to have but the common wer of 200 shillings. The parallel passage in Æthelred's treaty (Schmid, p. 207) sets £30 on every free man if he is killed by a man of the other race. See Schmid, p. 676.