We investigate roles of electron correlation effects in the determination of the $g_j$ factors of the $4s ~ ^2S_{ 1/2}$, $4p ~ ^2P_{ 1/2}$, $4p ~ ^2P_{ 3/2}$, $3d ~ ^2D_{ 3/2}$, and $3d ~ ^2D_{ 5/2}$ states, representing to different parities and angular momenta, of the Ca$^+$ ion. Correlation contributions are highlighted with respect to the mean-field values evaluated using the Dirac-Hartree-Fock method, relativistic second order many-body theory, and relativistic coupled-cluster (RCC) theory with the singles and doubles approximation considering only the linear terms and also accounting for all the non-linear terms. This shows that it is difficult to achieve reasonably accurate results employing an approximated perturbative approach. We also find that contributions through the non-linear terms and higher-level excitations such as triple excitations, estimated perturbatively in the RCC method, are found to be crucial to attain precise values of the $g_j$ factors in the considered states of Ca$^+$ ion.
Categories: physics.atom-ph physics.comp-ph quant-ph