Martha Poma Luque (born 19 November 1964) is a Bolivian politician, trade unionist, and textile artisan who served as senator for La Paz from 2010 to 2015.
Born in highland Omasuyos Province, Poma spent her youth between the rural Altiplano and the migrant city of El Alto. A daughter of artisans, she worked in handicrafts, producing traditional indigenous textiles for much of her life. Poma taught women's workshops on weaving and sewing for the Catholic charity Caritas and held leadership positions in artisan organizations, including as general secretary of the Pachamama Artisans' Association. She served as chair of the Central Council of Artisans of El Alto and represented her trade's labor organization's at the Regional Worker Center and the National Confederation of Artisans.
Following an unsuccessful campaign for a seat on the El Alto Municipal Council in 2004, Poma joined the ranks of the ruling Movement for Socialism. She failed in her first bid for Constituent Assembly in 2006 and finally won a seat in the Senate in 2009. Poma was the first to represent La Paz in the Senate and the first to serve on its directorate. As a representative of El Alto's artisan sector, Poma led the push to revive a long-gridlocked artisanry bill and defended her constituency even when their position conflicted with ruling party policy. She was not nominated for reelection.
Early life and career
Early life and education
Martha Poma was born on 19 November 1964 in Chojñapata Chiñaja, a canton in the Ancoraimes Municipality of western La Paz's highland Omasuyos Province. Poma was the lone daughter in a family of twelve siblings; her parents, both artisans, made their livings in multiple fields: Poma's mother operated a small family-owned restaurant and specialized in embroidery in her off time, while her father made weavings from alpaca fiber during his days away from the mines.
Poma spent her youth between the city and the countryside. Her family practiced agriculture and animal husbandry on the Altiplano; she was taught to work the fields, harvesting traditional Andean crops, primarily maize and potatoes. From age 4, Poma spent regular stints in La Paz's west end (now El Alto), where she attended the Henriette de la Chevalier School up through her third year of intermediate. She completed the remainder of her studies at adult school, graduating with a from the Center for Accelerated Secondary Education in 2003.
Career and trade unionism
Like her parents, Poma worked as a textile artisan for a significant part of her life. She labored for over two decades producing traditional indigenous textiles of the region: alpaca fiber garments, macramé, polleras, etc. Her family sold their handicraft on the informal market, the dominant trade channel in El Alto and La Paz's urban periphery. To improve her skill, Poma attended regular training workshops hosted by the Pastoral Social, and she worked directly with the Church-affiliated charity Caritas Bolivia to deliver classes on sewing and weaving. Poma spent eighteen years as a trainer for Caritas's Pachamama Center from 1988 to 2005, providing vocational education to over 1,000 women in El Alto and surrounding provinces. During this time, she served as general secretary of the Pachamama Artisans' Association.
Poma also held local civic positions as chair of her son's school board from 1994 to 2000 and president of her community's neighborhood council for two years afterward. At the same time, she made headwinds in her sector's trade union circuit: she served as executive secretary of the Central Council of Artisans of El Alto from 1992 to 1996 and was a regional executive of the National Confederation of Artisans of Bolivia from 1998 to 2001. As a representative of the city's seventy-four artisan organizations, Poma also held a seat on the directorate of the El Alto Regional Worker Center.
Chamber of Senators
Election
Poma ran for a seat on the El Alto Municipal Council in 2004 as part of a slate of candidates presented by Integrative Social Autonomy (ASI), a minor political front. The 2004 municipal elections were the first to allow local political organizations to compete, and many groups were formed to contest it; in El Alto, the field was especially crowded. Most smaller contenders saw disappointing showings: Pomawho headlined ASI's list of substitute councillorswas not elected, as ASI won no seats.