Range.--Mexico north to southwest Texas and Arizona.
=407a. Californian Woodpecker= (_M. f. bairdi_). Similar to No. 407, but black breast-band with white only on its posterior margin.
Range.--Pacific coast region from northern California to southern Oregon.
=407b. Narrow-fronted Woodpecker= (_M. f. angustifrons_). _Ad._ [Male]. Similar to No. 407, but smaller, W. 5.2; the throat brighter yellow. _Ad._ [Female]. With black crown-band _wider_ than white forehead band.
=409. Red-bellied Woodpecker= (_Centurus carolinus_). L. 9.5. Center of belly reddish. _Ad._ [Male]. Top of head and nape entirely red. _Ad._ [Female]. Nape red, crown grayish, forehead tinged with red. _Notes._ A hoarse, _chûh-chûh_.
Range.--Eastern United States, west to the Plains; breeds from Florida and Texas to Maryland, Ontario, and South Dakota; winters from Virginia and southern Ohio southward; casually north as far as Massachusetts.
=410. Golden-fronted Woodpecker= (_Centurus aurifrons_). L. 10.5; center of belly yellow. _Ad._ [Male]. Forehead yellow, crown-patch red, nape orange. _Ad._ [Female]. Forehead and nape yellow, crown entirely gray. _Notes._ Loud and penetrating. (Bailey.)
=411. Gila Woodpecker= (_Centurus uropygialis_). L. 10. Center of belly yellow. _Ad._ [Male]. Top of head and nape _sooty_ gray; a red-crown patch. _Ad._ [Female]. Top of head and nape entirely sooty gray. _Notes._ _Dchūrr, dchūrr_; when flying, a shrill _huit_ like call-note of Phainopepla. (Bendire.)
Range.--Northwestern Mexico, north to southwestern New Mexico, and Lower California.
=412. Southern Flicker= (_Colaptes auratus_). Smaller than No. 412a, W. 5.6.
Range.--Southeastern United States north to South Carolina.
=412a. Northern Flicker= (_C. a. luteus_). L. 13; W. 6.4. Crown bluish gray; throat pinkish brown; a scarlet nape-band; lining of wings and tail yellow. _Ad._ [Male]. With black patches on the sides of the throat. _Ad._ [Female]. Without black throat patches. _Notes._ A loud, emphatic _keé-yer_; a low chuckle when taking flight; a _weéchew_ repeated and used only when two or more birds are together; and a mellow _cûh-cûh-cûh-cûh_, repeated, doubtless a song.
Range.--Eastern North America west to the Rocky Mountains and Alaska; rare on the Pacific coast; apparently hybridizing with No. 413 at the western border of its range.