HORSE CHESTNUT (_Æsculus Hippocastanum_) and others: _carnea_, _Pavia_, _parviflora_, _flava_.
AMELANCHIER VULGARIS and _A. canadensis_.*--Very ornamental. Seldom seen, but as free-growing and flowering as the Hawthorn. The popular name for these beautiful trees is Snowy Mespilus.
ARBUTUS ANDRACHNE.--Flowers in February and March.
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS ALPINA.--Plenty of this found in north of Scotland, but somewhat difficult to establish in gardens. _A. Uva-ursi._--Freer in growth than the preceding. Both species are low-creeping shrubs suitable for planting with Heaths in peat.
ARISTOLOCHIA SIPHO (Dutchman's Pipe).--Large effective climber.
ARTEMISIA ABROTANUM, _arborescens_, and _tridentata_.*--Useful shrubs of grey tone.
BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM,* _Darwinii_, _vulgaris_, _nepalensis_. Single specimens of _B. Aquifolium_, the Mahonia, become very ornamental with age.
BETULA ALBA* (the Silver Birch).--A very hardy tree, beautiful both in summer and winter. The pendulous variety is the best. Its branches are proof against all winds. No tree is so well adapted for planting close up to houses in the city, for it is very graceful, and obscures little light. _B. utilis_, _B. papyrifera_, _B. populifolia_.
BRYANTHUS EMPETRIFORMIS.*--Very fine planted in broad masses. _B. erectus_--Very beautiful in small beds.
CALYCANTHUS FLORIDUS.--This is excellent on walls.
CAMELLIAS only flower here on walls in the open. They form large bushes in the grounds. _Camellia Thea_, the tea-plant, is also perfectly hardy.
CARMICHÆLIA FLAGELLIFORMIS.*--Very interesting, and flowering with great freedom.
CARPENTERIA CALIFORNICA.*--A splendid plant for south walls, large established specimens having a profusion of large white flowers.
CARPINUS BETULUS* (Hornbeam) and varieties.
CARYOPTERIS MASTACANTHUS.--A good wall plant.
CASSIOPE FASTIGIATA* and _C. tetragona_.*--Both are very choice subjects here and flower well.
CASTANEA SATIVA* (Sweet or Spanish Chestnut).--Ornamental, but does not ripen fruit here.
CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS and _veitchianus_.*--Splendid.
CHIMONANTHUS FRAGRANS (Winter-sweet).--Wall.
CISTUS.*--These are very fine, and flower for months if somewhat sheltered.
CLEMATIS.--Of these very charming are _alpina_,* _apiifolia_, _Flammula_,* _heracleæfolia_, _Vitalba_.
*