[Footnote 191: Of course, after regular process was somewhat developed, as will presently be shown, the _toleramus_ or permission of the magistrate concluding the decree was requisite to the remarriage even of the innocent person.]
[Footnote 192: The _Renovatio ecc. Nord._ (1525): RICHTER, _Kirchenordnungen_, I, 20, tolerates the second marriage of a person whose spouse has committed adultery. The Prussian _Landesordnung_ of the same year expressly sanctions the divorce and remarriage of the injured spouse whose partner has committed the same offense: RICHTER, _op. cit._, I, 32. In 1531 the church ordinance of Goslar and that of Lübeck, drafted by Bugenhagen, recognize malicious desertion as a second ground for dissolving wedlock: RICHTER, _op. cit._, I, 156, 148; and a similar provision appears in the Pommer ordinance of 1535, also drafted by Bugenhagen: RICHTER, _op. cit._, 250. Compare SCHULTE, _Lehrbuch_, 414-28, who gives an account of the provisions of the many ordinances regarding divorce and remarriage.]
[Footnote 193: "Wenn der Ehebruch bey dem halse gestraffet würde, so bedürffte man hie nicht viel fragens": BUGENHAGEN, _Vom Ehebruch und Weglauffen_: in SARCERIUS, _Vom heil. Ehestande_, 138.]
[Footnote 194: RICHTER, _op. cit._, 31, 45; citing LAMBERT OF AVIGNON, _De sacra conjugio_, who recommends excommunication in case the magistrate does not execute the criminal.]
[Footnote 195: On Beust, Beza, and Brenz see RICHTER, _op. cit._, 45, 46. Compare BEUST, _Tract. de spons. et mat._, 140, where he declares that the penalty for adultery is death; and BRENZ, _Wie yn Ehesachen ... zu Handeln_: in SARCERIUS, _Vom heil. Ehestande_, 152, where he leaves the offender to the temporal magistrate, urging rigorous punishment; and in cases of negligence advising excommunication by the parish priest.]
[Footnote 196: MELANCHTHON, "De conjugio," _Opera Omnia_, I, pars II, 238: "Respondeo: magistratus politicus adulteria punire debet: ideo persona condemnata, si non punitur durius, pellenda est ex iis locis, ubi vivit persona innocens: cui altera, videlicet condemnata, velut mortua existimanda est; et haec severitas ad politicum magistratum pertinet."]
[Footnote 197: WOOLSEY, _Divorce_, 138, 139. See Luther, _Vom ehel. Leben_: in STRAMPFF, 363, 364; or in SARCERIUS, _op. cit._, 137. On Calvin see STRIPPELMANN, _Ehescheidungsrecht_, 69, 70. The same view is expressed by HOOPER, _Early Writings_, 383; and by Bucer: MILTON'S _Prose Works_, III, 299.]