[Illustration FIG. 24.--Chrysalis of _Anosia plexippus_, final form (Riley).]
[Illustration FIG. 25.--Chrysalis of _Papilio philenor_: _a_, front view; _b_, side view, showing manner in which it is held in place by the girdle of silk (Riley).]
[Illustration FIG. 26.--_Pieris protodice: a_, caterpillar; _b_, chrysalis (Riley).]
A study of the structure of all chrysalids shows that within them there is contained the immature butterfly. The segments of the body are ensheathed in the corresponding segments of the chrysalis, and soldered over these segments are ensheathing plates of chitinous matter under which are the wings of the butterfly, as well as all the other organs necessary to its existence in the airy realm upon which it enters after emergence from the chrysalis. The practised eye of the observer is soon able to distinguish the location of the various parts of the butterfly in the chrysalis, and when the time for escape draws near, it is in many cases possible to discern through the thin, yet tough and hard, outer walls of the chrysalis the spots and colors on the wings of the insect.
[Illustration FIG. 27.--Chrysalis of _Pieris oleracea_ (Riley.)]
_Duration of Pupal Life._--Many butterflies remain in the chrysalis stage only for a few weeks; others hibernate in this state, and in temperate climates a great many butterflies pass the winter as chrysalids. Where, as is sometimes the case, there are two or three generations or broods of a species during the year, the life of one brood is generally longer than that of the others, because this brood is compelled to overwinter, or hibernate. There are a number of butterflies known in temperate North America which have three broods: a spring brood, emerging from chrysalids which have overwintered; an early summer brood; and a fall brood. The chrysalids in the latter two cases generally represent only a couple of weeks at most in the life of the insect. In tropical and semi-tropical countries many species remain in the chrysalis form during the dry season, and emerge at the beginning of the rains, when vegetation is refreshed and new and tender growths occur in the forests.
[Illustration FIG. 28.--Butterfly (_Papilio asterias_) just emerging from chrysalis.]