(367) Referring now to Figs. 185, 186, and 187, the mechanism will be easily understood, and, as described, is common to most machines made at present, the illustrations being those of the machine as made by Mr. Samuel Brooks. Fig. 185 is a front, Fig. 186 an end view, and Fig. 187 a transverse section of the machine. A detached and enlarged view of one spindle and its necessary roller stand and lifting mechanism is given in Fig. 188. The roving bobbins =B= are placed in a two-height creel, and are conducted to the three lines of rollers carried by the stand =A=. From the front roller the roving passes through the wire eye =E=, fixed in a wooden board known as the “thread board,” to the ring =F=, which is held by a suitable clip on a rail extending the length of the frame, and known as the “ring rail.” The thread boards are hinged, and can be simultaneously thrown up by the levers =I= and their connecting rods, which are worked from the end of the frame. The spindle =C= is, as shown, self-contained, and is fastened into the “spindle rail” =G= by a nut. The top rollers are weighted by a stirrup, lever =H=, and weight =M=, ordinarily but not invariably. The spindles are driven by bands from the tin rollers in the centre of the machine, and the cop or spool is built by the reciprocal traverse vertically of the ring rail. The ring is approximately of the section shown in Fig. 188, and has slipped on to it the traveller. Without stopping to inquire at present the precise action of the latter, it is sufficient to say that the yarn is passed through the traveller on its way to the bobbin, and it is evident that as the ring is raised or lowered the yarn will be wound on the corresponding portion of the spindle. Specially referring now to Fig. 186, the vertical reciprocal motion of the rail =G= is obtained from the cam =E=, which is keyed on the same shaft as the wheel =D=, driven by the worm =A=, which derives its motion from the main shaft. Each revolution of =E= depresses the lever in contact with it, the weight of the ring rails and their attachments keeping the cam and lever in contact. The chain attached to the axis of the wheel =D= is thus unwound from a pulley, which being fixed on a longitudinal shaft causes the latter to rotate. On the shaft small pulleys =H= are keyed, to which the ends of chains, the other ends of which are attached to the lower ends of vertical rods or “pokers” sustaining the ring rail, are fastened. It is a common practice, instead of using this chain arrangement, to key levers on the shaft, the free ends of which come under the feet of the pokers. An arrangement of this character is shown in Fig. 202. The rotation of the shaft obtained in the manner described raises the ring rail, the descent being obtained by gravity, but is regulated as to speed by the shape of the cam =E=. As this reciprocal movement is only about 1-3/4 to 2 inches, while the length of the cop or spool spun is five or six inches, it will be seen that the ring rail must be slowly raised and a fresh starting point at each lift of the rail be obtained. This is effected by means of a ratchet motion automatically operated by the rise and fall of the lever. The rotation of the ratchet wheel is communicated through a train of gearing to the wheel =I=, and the chain connecting =I= and =H= is thus wound on to the former and from the latter. In this way a limited rotation of the shaft to which =H= is attached is effected, and the lift of the pokers commences gradually at a higher point. This elevation of the ring rail is of course a very slow one, but it is always taking place, and the result is that a thoroughly well built cop is obtained.