Emilio Gatti (18 March 1922 – 9 July 2016) was an Italian engineer. He was a professor of nuclear electronics at the Politecnico of Milan. With Pavel Rehak he invented the silicon drift detector in 1983; he later patented it.
Life
Gatti was born in Turin on 18 March 1922. In 1946 he graduated in electrical engineering at the University of Padua, and in 1947 did post-graduate work in electronics. From 1948 he worked at the Centro Informazioni Studi ed Esperienze in Milan, where in 1950, he became head of the electronics division. From 1951 he taught at the Politecnico di Milano, and from 1957 to 1997 was a there. In 1998, he was appointed emeritus professor.
Societies
From 1961 to 1993, he was director of the scientific journal Alta Frequenza of the Italian Electrotechnics and Electronics Association (AEI). From 1964 to 1967, he was President of the Italian Section of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Member (1971-1995) and President (1983-1995) of the Scientific Council of Tecnomare (Venice).
From 1979 to 1981, he was President of the National Circuits and Components Group (CCTE) of the National Research Council (CNR).
From 1983 to 1985, he was President of the Milan Section and from 1992 to 1994 general Vice-president of the Italian Electrotechnics and Electronics Association (AEI), as well as meritorious partner since 1987.
From 1970 to 1992, he was a member and from 1978 to 1981 Director of the Scientific Council of LAMEL (Materials for Electronics Lab) of the National Research Council (CNR), based in Bologna.
From 1973, he was annually invited to spend the month of October at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, New York, US) to conduct studies and researches at the Instrumentation Division headed by Veliko Radeka.
From 1969, he was a corresponding partner, from 1980 regular member, from 2000 to 2002 Vice-president and from 2003 to 2005 President of Istituto Lombardo Accademia di Scienze e Lettere (Lombard Institute Academy of Sciences and Arts).
He was a member since 1981 of the National Academy of Sciences, also called Accademia Nazionale dei XL.
Since 1988, he has been a corresponding partner and since 2003 a national partner of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (Lincei National Academy).
Since 1989, he was honorary member of the College of Engineers of Milan.
From 1996 to 2001, he was a member of the Governing Council of Centro Linceo.
Research
Emilio Gatti’s main field of research was that of measurements and electronic instrumentation for Physics, especially that of radiation and elementary particle detectors and that of electronic instrumentation for energy, time and position spectrometry. In 1953, he introduced the added step method to obtain high precision single channel discriminators.
In 1955, he suggested replacing the traditional configuration of the voltage amplifier with a new configuration, eventually called charge preamplifier, as first stage in processing the signals of Ionization chambers. The charge preamplifier later became of general use and is currently the amplification stage most widely resorted to for semiconductor radiation detectors.
In 1956, he introduced the Vernier method to improve the temporal localisation of events. He formulated the statistical theory of the scintillation counter and the synthesis of optimal filters for the temporal localisation of events detected by the scintillation counters. In the field of radiation detectors, he identified the correct method of calculating the charge induced to the electrodes in solid-state detectors, correcting a widespread error in the literature.
In 1961, he invented the streamer chamber.
In 1963, he invented the sliding scale method to obtain high differential linearity in the multi-channel amplitude analyzers used in radiation and particle spectroscopy. The method gave rise to scientific developments and to implementations throughout the world and is currently used in high differential linearity analog-to-digital converters (ADC). In 1997, the scientific mission for the NASA Pathfinder Mars exploration employed the Sojourner (rover) on which a spectrometer Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS) – used to analyse the composition of the soil – is installed, in whose electronics the sliding scale method, called “The Gatti correction”, is implemented to arrive at the required high linearity.