Miklós Ybl (6 April 1814 in Székesfehérvár – 22 January 1891 in Budapest) was one of Europe's leading architects in the mid to late nineteenth century as well as Hungary's most influential architect during his career. His most well-known work is the Hungarian State Opera House in Budapest (1875–84).
Background
After graduating from the Institute of Technology in Vienna, Ybl became Mihály Pollack's assistant in 1832 and worked in Henrik Koch's office between 1836 and 1840. Following this, he moved to Munich and studied at the Academy of Fine Arts and then to Italy to study. After his return, he entered into partnership with the son of Mihály Pollack, Ágoston; together they refurbished the Ikervár castle of Count Lajos Batthyány. His first main work was the church in Fót, built between 1845 and 1855.
His early, large projects were built in Romantic style, influenced by eastern motifs. Although Romanesque shapes also occur in his later buildings, after his second study tour to Italy from 1860 he became interested in the possibility of the revitalisation of the Italian Renaissance style, and designed several neo-Renaissance buildings. Many of his buildings became, and indeed are still today, determinant elements of the cityscape of Budapest: Saint Stephen's Basilica (1867–91), the Rác Thermal Bath, the former Palace of Customs, (1871–74), and the throne room and Krisztinaváros wing of the Royal Palace. He also built countless churches, apartments and castles in the provinces.
The annual architectural prize founded in 1953 was named after him in his honor.
2014 was named "Ybl Memorial Year" in Hungary.
Gallery
Major works
1845–1849. Fót, Károlyi castle rebuilding
1845–1855. Fót, Roman Catholic church
cc. 1852. Budapest, Grabovszky – (Rózsa-) villa
1857–58. Budapest, National stables
cc. 1860. Albertirsa, Szapáry chapel crypt
cc. 1860. Leányfalu, Gyulai-villa
cc. 1860. , Wenckheim castle
1860–1864. Nagycenk, R.C. church
from 1862 Kecskemét, Evangelical church
1862–1865. Budapest, Festetics palace
1863. Budapest, German theatre (not built) from 1863. Budapest, Károly palace 1863–1864. Budapest, MTA building cc. 1865. Fegyvernek, Szapáry castle 1865–1866. Budapest, old parliament building 1865–1879. Budapest, R.C. church, Bakáts squ. 1867. Budapest, Pálffy palace 1867–1891. Budapest, Szent István basilica. Began by Hild, continued by Ybl and finished by J. Kauser 1869. First National Savings Bank of Pest 1870–1874. Budapest, Customs house 1871. Budapest, Margit bridge (not built) cc. 1872. Parád, Ybl Hotel 1873–1884. Budapest, Hungarian State Opera House 1874–1982. Budapest, Castle kiosk and bazaar 1875–1879. Ókígyós, Wenckheim castle 1880–1882. Parádsasvár, Károlyi castle 1880–1891. Budapest, Castle hill remodelling 1882–1888. Budapest, Budapest Clarisseum R.C. church 1883–1884. Budapest, Széchenyi palace (demolished) cc. 1888. Parád, Erzsébet Hotel and other structures in Csurgó, Doboz, Kétegyháza, Lengyeltóti, Mácsa, Marcali, Ókigyós, Surány, etc.