Demographic features of the population of the Czech Republic include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, and religious affiliations.
Population
With an estimated population of 10,516,707 as of 2022, compared to 9.3 million at the beginning of the 20th century, the population growth of the Czech Republic has been limited, due to low fertility rates and loss of population in and around World Wars I and II. Population loss during World War I was approximately 350,000. At the beginning of World War II the population of the Czech Republic reached its maximum (11.2 million). Due to the expulsion of the German residents after World War II, the Czech Republic lost about 3 million inhabitants and in 1947 the population was only 8.8 million. Population growth resumed, and in 1994 the population was 10.33 million.
From 1994 to 2003 natural growth was slightly negative (−0.15% per year) and the population decreased to 10.2 million. Since 2005, natural growth has been positive, but in recent times the most important influence on the population of the Czech Republic has been immigration: approximately 300,000 during the 2010s.
One birth every 5 minutes
One death every 5 minutes
One net migrant every 44 minutes
Net gain of one person every 131 minutes
Total population
Life expectancy
total population: 79.5 years. Country comparison to the world: 56th
male: 76.55 years
female: 82.61 years (2021 est.) Death rate 10.72 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 23rd
Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.
Infant mortality rate
Fertility
Population density and urban areas
Age structure
2020
0–14 years: 15.17% (male 834,447 /female 789,328) 15–24 years: 9.2% (male 508,329 /female 475,846) 25–54 years: 43.29% (male 2,382,899 /female 2,249,774) 55–64 years: 12.12% (male 636,357 /female 660,748) 65 years and over: 20.23% (male 907,255 /female 1,257,515)
Median age
total: 43.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 28th
male: 42 years
female: 44.7 years (2020 est.)
Vital statistics
Source: Czech Demographic Handbook 2007
Current vital statistics
Deaths from January-August 2021 = 94,232
Deaths from January-August 2022 = 78,760
Deaths from January-August 2023 = 73,718
Structure of the population
Education
Literacy
definition: NA
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2011 est.)
Employment and income
Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
Total: 8%. Country comparison to the world: 155th
Male: 7.2%
Female: 9.2% (2020 est.)
Ethnic groups
The majority of the million inhabitants of the Czech Republic are ethnically and linguistically Czech (95%). They are descendants of Slavic people from the Black Sea-Carpathian region who settled in Bohemia, Moravia and parts of present-day Austria in the 6th century AD. Other ethnic groups include Germans, Romani people, Poles, and Hungarians. Historical minorities like Germans and Poles are declining due to assimilation. There is also a growing community from Vietnam. Other ethnic communities like Greeks, Turks, Italians, and Yugoslavs are found in Prague. Since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Slovaks living in the Czech Republic have comprised roughly 3% of the population.
There are different groups of national and ethnic minorities in the Czech Republic. The only "old minority" is Poles in the Trans-Olza region, while the "new minorities" are scattered among the majority population (generally in the larger towns). While some of the minorities have the whole social structure of Czech society (Poles, Slovaks, Greeks and Ukrainians), other represent only some of the social groups (i.e. Russian newcomers of middle class, and Romani people who generally represent the underclass).
1880–1910
After World War I
1 In 2011 a large part of the population did not claim any ethnicity, before the census it was widely mediatized that the question is not mandatory. The vast majority of those who did so are presumed to be ethnic Czechs, number of whom dropped by roughly the same amount that the number of undeclared people rose, circa 2.5 million.