This article consisted of an elementary introduction to deformation theory of varieties, schemes and manifolds, with some applications to local and global shtukas and fever to Newton polygons of $p$-divisible groups . Soft problems and results mainly are considered. In the framework we give review of some novel results in the theory of local shtukas, Anderson-modules, global shtukas, Newton polygons of $p$-divisible groups and on deformations of $p$-divisible groups with given Newton polygons.
Categories: math.NT math-ph math.MP