[7] Probably _Saxum fornacum_, _Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. v. 3. 79_.
Granite, I believe of all the different kinds existing in the world, abounds every where in the forests.
In every river a wheel is placed, contrived to lift up a hammer for the purpose of bruising flax.
When it is not wanted, a trap door is raised, to turn the stream aside.
Several butterflies were to be seen in the forest, as the common black, and the large black and white. Here I noticed _Lichenoides terrestre scutatum albicans_, (_Lichen arcticus_), which has larger fructification than the common _L. caninus_, with which it agrees in other respects, except colour. (See Linnæus's opinion respecting this Lichen, in which however he is certainly mistaken, in _Fl. Lapponica n. 442_.)
By the road side between Nieutænger and Bringstad, a violet-coloured clay, used in building bridges, is here and there to be met with.
On a wall at Iggsund I found a nondescript hemipterous insect. (What this was cannot now be ascertained.)
Between the post-house of Iggsund and Hudwiksvall the abovementioned violet-coloured clay is found in abundance, forming a regular stratum. I observed it likewise in a hill near the water which was nine ells in height.
The strata of this hill consisted of two or three fingers' breadths of common vegetable mould; then from four to six inches of barren sand (_Arena Glarea_); next about a span of the violet clay; and lastly barren sand. The clay contained small and delicately smooth white bivalve shells, quite entire, as well as some larger brown ones, of which great quantities are to be found near the water side. I am therefore convinced that all these valleys and marshes have formerly been under water, and that the highest hills only then rose above it. At this spot grows the _Anemone Hepatica_ with a purple flower; a variety so very rare in other places, that I should almost be of the opinion of the gardeners, who believe the colours of particular earths may be communicated to flowers.
I observed that the mountains, after the trees and plants had been burnt upon them, were quite barren, nothing but stones remaining.
The produce of the arable land here being but scanty, the inhabitants mix herbs with their corn, and form it into cakes two feet broad, but only a line in thickness, by which means the taste of the herbs is rendered less perceptible.