Australian New Zealanders () refers to New Zealanders whose origins are in Australia, as well as Australian migrants and expatriates based in New Zealand.
History & Relationship
New Zealand and Australia were both colonised by Britain and remain under the commonwealth. New Zealand was originally constitutionally recognised as an extension of the New South Wales colony until it became a separate colony in 1841. New Zealand declined to join the Australian federation in 1901 however the two countries political alliance remained strong. It was not until the 1990s that New Zealand and Australia gained formal government ties again sitting on the Council of Australian Governments from 1992, entering the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Arrangement from 1998 and creating the National Federation Reforms Council in 2020. Today Australia and New Zealand are both one of each other's strongest bilateral relationships.
New Zealand and Australia have a history of joint defence deployment that began in Gallipoli in 1915. This began the foundations of the ANZAC alliance which is still celebrated in both countries to this day. Recent joint military operations include Afghanistan, Iraq, Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste. The two countries still celebrate Anzac day together on the 25th of April annually to remember the Anzac troops who have lost their lives.
The Anzac biscuit is considered to be the national biscuit in both Australia and New Zealand. The lamington and pavlova are also well shared traditional desserts of both countries with a long debated history of where the desserts originate. Commonalities between the two countries culture does not stop there. New Zealanders have long been involved in Australian sport, whether as spectators for the Melbourne Cup or included in national rugby competitions. New Zealand however has not fully adopted the Australian delicacy Vegemite, Marmite is a very popular alternative in New Zealand.
Demographics
The migration of citizens between Australia and New Zealand has been steady since the 1800s. Many of the early New Zealand Settlers came from Australia. In the 1860s there was a big influx of Australians moving to New Zealand in pursuit of gold mining.
In more recent history there is a trend towards more New Zealanders moving to Australia however there has been a decrease in this trend over the years. In the early 2010s an average of 27,000 New Zealanders per year moved to Australia. By the late 2010s this yearly average decreased to 3,000 New Zealanders moving to Australia. There have only been a few occasions that the migration flow has leaned towards New Zealand gaining; December 2014, September 2015, December 2016, December 2017. From December 2019 until September 2020 New Zealand had a consistent higher influx of Australians moving to New Zealand than New Zealanders moving to Australia. The COVID-19 Pandemic could have had an effect on this as New Zealand was experiences far less positive cases and lockdowns than some Australian cities during this time.
In March 2021 New Zealanders moving to Australia made up 70% of the countries migration departures.
Australian ethnic group
There were 29,349 people identifying as being part of the Australian ethnic group at the 2018 New Zealand census, making up 0.62% of New Zealand's population. This is an increase of 6,879 people (30.6%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 3,079 people (11.7%) since the 2006 census. Some of the increase between the 2013 and 2018 census was due to Statistics New Zealand adding ethnicity data from other sources (previous censuses, administrative data, and imputation) to the 2018 census data to reduce the number of non-responses.
There were 13,530 males and 15,816 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.855 males per female. The median was 38.8 years, compared to 37.4 years for all New Zealanders; 5,589 people (19.0%) were aged under 15 years, 5,121 (17.4%) were 15 to 29, 14,544 (49.6%) were 30 to 64, and 4,092 (13.9%) were 65 or older.
In terms of population distribution, 71.8% live in the North Island and 28.2% live in the South Island. The Queenstown-Lakes District has the highest concentration of Australian-ethnic people at 2.2%, followed by Waiheke Island (1.9%) and the Great Barrier Island (1.4%). The Māngere-Ōtāhuhu local board area of Auckland had the lowest concentration of Australian-ethnic people at 0.15%, followed by the Ōtara-Papatoetoe local board area (0.27%) and the Manurewa local board area (0.27%), The Wairoa district had the lowest concentration of Australian-ethnic people outside Auckland at 0.36%.