Levon Stepani Khachikyan (; 1 May 1918 – 12 March 1982) was a Soviet Armenian historian and philologist. He served as the director of the Mashtots Matenadaran from 1954 until his death. He specialized in medieval Armenian history and manuscripts, particularly focusing on economic history and the history of social movements. Under his leadership, the Matenadaran became a major research institution, expanding its collection and departments. He authored many works based on his extensive study of the Matenadaran's materials and other sources, notably publishing multiple compilations of 14th and 15th century Armenian colophons.
Early life, education and career
Levon Khachikyan was born in Yerevan on 1 May 1918 to the family of an intellectual. After graduating from Khachatur Abovian High School in 1935, he enrolled in the Faculty of History at Yerevan State University. Immediately after graduating from university in 1940, he joined the staff of the Mashtots Matenadaran, first as a bibliographer, then as manager of the manuscript archive. He conducted his postgraduate studies under the guidance of renowned historian Hakob Manandian. He published his first work in the Matenadaran's journal Collection of Scientific Materials, publishing the text of Vanakan Vardapet's (On the Beginning of the Year) with an introduction and notes. In 1945, he successfully defended his dissertation titled "The Interpretation of the Genesis by Elishe" (published as a book in 1993) and received the degree of Candidate of Historical Sciences. From 1951 to 1954, he worked at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, first as a senior researcher, then as the head of its publications department.
Career
In 1954, at the age of 36, Khachikyan became the director of Matenadaran, a position he held until the end of his life. During Khachikyan's tenure, major changes took place at the Matenadaran. It transformed from a library-type institution into a major research institute, moved to its current building and gained new departments and researchers. The institute added 5471 new items to its collection of manuscripts between 1955 and 1978. According to former director of the Matenadaran Vahan Ter-Ghevondyan, Khachikyan had to overcome many difficulties during his time as director and sometimes came under scrutiny by the Soviet authorities, for examples, because of his hiring of people who were considered politically suspect.
Khachikyan wrote many works on medieval Armenian history based on his extensive study of manuscript materials. He focused particularly on socio-economic conditions and social and religious movements. Among his major works on these subjects are the book From the History of the Social Movements of Armenia Minor (1951) and the articles "On the 14–15th-Century Armenian Village Community" (1958), and "The Charter of the 'Brotherhood' of the City of Erznka"(1962). His main period of interest was the late medieval period (14–15th centuries), although a number of his works are dedicated to early medieval Armenian history, such as the aforementioned History of the Social Movements of Armenia Minor and the articles "Foreign-Language Armenian Literature in the 4th Century" and "The Question of Pre-Mesropian Writing and the Charms." He wrote a number of studies on medieval Armenian feudal houses and their contributions to Armenian cultural production, such as "Pages from Hamshen Armenian History" and "The Burtelian Branch of the Orbelians of Syunik," both published in 1969.
Khachikyan put to print various works of medieval Armenian literature for the first time. In the course of his research, he discovered important information about the social and economic life of medieval Armenia, the activities of monastic schools, centers of manuscript production and scholarship. For example, he was the first to discover a student's thesis from the medieval Armenian educational center of Gladzor. Khachikyan dedicated many years to the study, compilation and publication of the colophons of Armenian manuscripts, which contain important information about Armenian and non-Armenian political, cultural and socio-economic history. He published the work 14th Century Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts in 1950 and the three-volume 15th Century Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts from 1955 to 1967. For the first volume of the latter work, he received the rank of Doctor of Historical Sciences in 1961. In total, Khachikyan published around 3000 colophons. Khachikyan became a corresponding member of the Armenian Academy of Sciences in 1963 and a full member in 1971.