CHAPTER V THE DOCTRINE OF REVOLUTIONARY SYNDICALISM
Class struggle, its meaning and importance--Syndicat the proper organization for carrying on class struggle--Strength of syndicat by uniting workingmen without distinction of race, religion, political or philosophical ideas--Industrial unionism versus Craft unionism--Syndicats and "Direct Action"--Methods of "Direct Action:" strike, boycott, _sabotage_, label--The direct struggle against the State; exclusion of parliamentary methods--Criticism of democracy--Class struggle versus co-operation of classes--Anti-patriotism--Anti-militarism--General strike the means of emancipating workingmen--The ideal society of the syndicalists: economic federalism--The rôle of the "conscious minority"--Syndicats the true leaders of the working-class 123
CHAPTER VI THE THEORISTS OF REVOLUTIONARY SYNDICALISM
Two groups of writers on syndicalism, (_a_) workingmen (_b_) intellectuals--Their points of disagreement--Representative of intellectuals; Georges Sorel--His works--His conception of syndicalism as neo-Marxism--Fundamental idea of Marx; no Utopias--Task of socialists to teach workingmen--The importance of the idea of the general strike--The general strike a "social myth"--What is a "social myth?"--Importance of "social myths" in revolutionary movements--The general strike as a means of producing a complete rupture between working-class and bourgeoisie--Sorel's theory of progress; only technical progress continuous; succession of cultures not continuous--Necessity of combating democracy--Democracy--the régime of professional politicians who rule the people--Class struggle and violence; meaning of violence--General strike a great moral force--Syndicalist ideas founded on pessimistic basis--Pessimism as cause of great historical achievements--Ideas of Bergson--Criticism of Sorel; neo-Marxism not true to spirit of Marx--Lagardelle and his writings--Gustave Hervé and "La Guerre Sociale"--Influence of Sorel--Criticism of Prof. Sombart's views--Syndicalism a development independent of Sorel--Relation of syndicalism to other social theories 141
CHAPTER VII THE GENERAL CONFEDERATION OF LABOR SINCE 1902
Constitution of General Confederation of Labor adopted in 1902--Activity of General Confederation--Movement to suppress employment bureaus--Congress of Bourges in 1904--Triumph of revolutionary syndicalism--Movement for eight-hour day from 1904 to 1906--Agitation in France--Fear of "social revolution"--Government arrests leaders--Results of strike movement--Congress of Amiens in 1906--Struggle between revolutionaries and reformists--Adoption of resolution "the charter of syndicalism"--Revolutionary activity of Confederation after Congress of Amiens Demonstration of Villeneuve St. George in 1908--Collision with troops; killed and wounded; arrest of syndicalist leaders--Congress of Marseilles in 1908--Congress of Toulouse in 1910--Congress of Havre in 1912--Growth of General Confederation of Labor--The demonstrations of the General Confederation against war--The "crisis" of revolutionary syndicalism--Relations of General Confederation with International Secretariat of Labor 162