[178-5] C.A.W. Pownall, _Thomas Pownall_, London, 1908, p. 157.
[179-1] C.A.W. Pownall, _Thomas Pownall_, London, 1908, p. 232.
[179-3] Woodrow Wilson, _The State_, 1897, rev. ed., Boston, 1911, p. 453: "Despite very considerable outward differences of social condition and many apparent divergencies of interest as between colony and colony, they one and all _wanted the same revolution_. . . . They did not so much _make_ a common cause as _have_ a common cause from the first."
[180-1] See John Fiske, _The Critical Period of American History_, 1788-1789, Boston, 1898.
[180-3] P. A. Molteno's _A Federal South Africa_, London, 1896, written more than three years before the Boer War, compares the then condition of South Africa with the condition of the American thirteen nations in the days covered by Fiske's _The Critical Period of American History_, contains a prophecy now fulfilled, and is a valuable comment on many of the needs of the Pan-Angle world of to-day.
[181-1] F. S. Oliver, _Alexander Hamilton: An Essay on American Union_, London, 1906, p. 447.
[181-2] Richard Jebb, _The Britannic Question_, London, 1913.
[181-3] Lord Milner, December 14, 1906, at Conservative Club, Manchester, England, in Lord Milner, _The Nation and the Empire_, London, 1913, p. 142.
[181-4] Richard Jebb, _Studies in Colonial Nationalism_, London, 1905, p.138.
[182-1] F. S. Oliver, _Alexander Hamilton: An Essay on American Union_, London, 1906, p. 452.
[182-2] For a history of the General Arbitration Treaty of 1911 between America and the British Isles and its full text as proposed and as ratified, see H.S. Perris, _Pax Britannica_, London, 1913, pp. 285-298, 801-807.
WHO, first of all, dreamed of closer union between England (or Great Britain) and its colonies we do not know. As early as 1652 there came from Barbados a suggestion. It was in no way followed up. Colonel Thomas Modyford "desires, although it may seem immodest, that two representatives should be chosen by the island to sit and vote in the English parliament."[184-1]
In the following century Benjamin Franklin devised a scheme of union and laboured to commend it to the makers of Pan-Angle history. In June 1754 he attended a conference of eleven of the colonies met at Albany to consider defence against the Indians. That matter disposed of, Franklin submitted a plan for the union of the { 185} colonies.[185-1] Later in the year he wrote as follows to Shirley, Royal Governor of Massachusetts: "Since the conversation your Excellency was pleased to honor me with, on the subject of _uniting the colonies_ more intimately with Great Britain, by allowing them _representatives_ in Parliament, I have something further considered that matter, and am of opinion that such a union would be very acceptable to the colonies, provided they had a reasonable number of representatives allowed them; . . .