(_Chairman_) (3,538): What is your own practice with regard to the use of anæsthetics in experiments that are otherwise painful? (_Dr. Klein_): Except for teaching purposes, for demonstration, I never use anæsthetics where it is not necessary for convenience. If I demonstrate, I use anæsthetics. If I do experiments for my inquiries in pathological research, except for convenience sake, as for instance on dogs and cats, I do not use them. On frogs and the lower animals I never use them. (3,539). When you say that you only use them for convenience sake, do you mean that you have no regard at all to the sufferings of the animals?--No regard at all. (3,540.) You are prepared to establish that as a principle which you approve?--I think that with regard to an experimenter, a man who conducts special research, and performs an experiment, he has no time, so to speak, for thinking what will the animal feel or suffer. His only purpose is to perform the experiment, to learn as much from it as possible, and to do it as quickly as possible. (3,541.) Then for your own purposes you disregard entirely the question of the suffering of the animal in performing a painful experiment.--I do. (3,542.) Why do you regard it then when it is for a demonstration?--Because I know that there is a great deal of feeling against it in this country, and when it is not necessary, one should not perhaps act against the opinion or the belief of certain individuals of the auditorium. One must take regard of the feelings and opinions of those people before whom one does the experiment. (3,543.) Then am I wrong in attributing to you that you separate yourself entirely from the feeling which you observe to prevail in this country in regard to humanity to animals?--I separate myself as an investigator from myself as a teacher. (3,544.) But in regard to your proceedings as an investigator, you are prepared to acknowledge that you hold as entirely indifferent the sufferings of the animal which is subjected to your investigation?--Yes. (3,546.) Do you believe that that is a general practice on the Continent, to disregard altogether the feelings of the animals?--I believe so. (3,547.) But you believe that, generally speaking, there is a very different feeling in England?--Not among the physiologists; I do not think there is. (3553.)--_Min. of Ev. R. Com._, London, 1876.