The library of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) – in French: la bibliothèque du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) – is a public library based at the headquarter of the international organization in Geneva, Switzerland. It was apparently founded around the time of the ICRC's inception in 1863.
The library in its self-description is "the leading documentary resource" on the ICRC in particular and International humanitarian law (IHL) in general, along with the ICRC Archives. It plays a central role for the mandate of the ICRC according to article 4 (g) of its Statutes "to work for the understanding and dissemination of knowledge of international humanitarian law applicable in armed conflicts and to prepare any development thereof".
History
The early period: Ancien Fonds
The ICRC – or rather its predecessor, the International Committee for Relief to the Wounded – was founded in February 1863 in Geneva by five men: businessman-turned-activist Henry Dunant, who had laid out the basic ideas in his much-acclaimed book A Memory of Solferino; lawyer and philanthropist Gustave Moynier; the medical doctors Louis Appia and Théodor Maunoir; and the General Guillaume Henri Dufour. The exact date of the creation of the library is unknown. It is first mentioned in the records of 1875, but "we may suppose that it was born at the same time as the organization, initially perhaps simply taking the form of a collection of works belonging to the Committee’s founders."
The actual address of the newly founded Red Cross – and thus at least a part of its fledgling library – became Dunant's private residence, the third floor of his family's "Maison Diodati" in the Old Town at Rue du Puits-Saint-Pierre 4. However, as Dunant's colonial businesses in Algeria collapsed, he declared bankruptcy in 1867 and was pushed out of the ICRC by its president Moynier in the following year. It may be assumed that Dunant's collection of ICRC-related publications was transferred to Moynier's splendid city residence in Rue de l'Athénée No. 8, since he was clearly the driving force behind the creation of a library.
In 1871, the ICRC moved into an apartment of a building at Rue de l'Athénée No. 3, just across the street from Moynier's splendid town residence in Rue de l'Athénée No. 8. While it was a very representative address, the office spaces were still rather modest with just three rooms. One of them served both as library and museum.
In 1878, Moynier declared that the library should be accessible to all. In the same year he completely reorganized its collections and wrote himself by a hand a new catalog."The Heritage Collection remains to this day organized according to the classification system that he set up. Items are shelved first by source, then by subject, author and date of publication. This Classification system makes it possible to follow the spread of Red Cross action across the world and the creation of a network of National Societies first in Europe and then further afield. The largest number of items in the Heritage Collection come from Germany, Switzerland, France, Italy and the United Kingdom. As well, the Collection includes publications from China, Cuba, Brazil, the United States and Mexico, and even one from a short-lived micro-nation, the Free State of Counani."As the Red Cross movement and the collections of its library expanded, the aging Moynier delegated some administrative tasks like the management of the library upon the recommendation of his nephew and future successor, Gustave Ador, to Paul Des Gouttes, a lawyer, who was appointed the secretary of the Committee in 1898. He was a nephew of Moynier's as well.
Post-World War I
Shortly after the end of the First World War, the ICRC moved to its new headquarters at the Promenade du Pin at the edge of the Old Town. The library was accommodated there next to a large vestibule. The responsibility for the library was now taken over by Étienne Clouzot, an archivist palaeographer, who was also a columnist for the liberal daily newspaper Journal de Genève. During WWI he had designed the classification system for the millions of index cards. In 1919 he succeeded Des Gouttes as head of the ICRC Secretariat and in that position gave the library a great boost, especially by establishing a systematic exchange of publications with the national societies of the Red Cross Movement.