Since its creation in 1996, Major League Soccer, the highest level of professional soccer in the United States, has had three teams cease operations—the Tampa Bay Mutiny, the Miami Fusion, and Chivas USA. The two Florida-based teams ceased playing after the 2001 season as a result of the league's financial situation, and Chivas USA folded after the 2014 season with plans to rebrand and move to a stadium in downtown Los Angeles. All three situations involved league ownership of the clubs and executive decisions to maintain the viability and competitiveness of the league.
Defunct clubs
Tampa Bay Mutiny (1996–2001)
Tampa Bay Mutiny entered the league in 1996 as one of Major League Soccer's inaugural teams. They won the first ever Supporter's Shield that year as the team with the best regular season record. In 1999, Tampa Stadium was demolished which forced the team to move to the newly-built Raymond James Stadium. With this move came an unfavorable lease agreement, which funneled almost all the Mutiny's matchday revenue to the Buccaneers. Furthermore, the Mutiny was hampered by poor results on the field, failing to make it past the first round of the playoffs in both 1999 and 2000. In 2001, the Mutiny won just four games, drawing two, and losing 21. This caused a significant decrease in attendance, which averaged below 11,000 per game in the 2001 season.
Throughout the entire course of its existence, the Mutiny was owned by Major League Soccer. Since 1996, the league had reportedly posted losses of $250 million. MLS approached Malcolm Glazer to buy the team, which he ultimately declined. On January 8, 2002, MLS announced that they would be removing Tampa Bay Mutiny from the league because they never found local ownership and declining attendance combined with the unfavorable stadium lease failed to generate meaningful revenue for the league. Along with fellow Florida club Miami Fusion, the Mutiny ceased operations in early 2002. A dispersal draft for both clubs occurred in January 2002.
The Mutiny is the only MLS team ever to have been owned by the league throughout its entire history.
Miami Fusion (1998–2001)
Miami Fusion entered the league in 1998, qualifying for the playoffs in each of their opening two seasons. However, they had losing records in each of their first three seasons. In 2001, head coach Ray Hudson led the Fusion to their best ever season, winning the Supporters' Shield with a record of 16–5–5. In the playoffs, the club would dispatch the defending champion Kansas City Wizards in three games. In the next round, the Fusion were eliminated by the San Jose Earthquakes after Troy Dayak scored in overtime in the series tiebreaker.
Despite this success, the Fusion still had the league's lowest season ticket sales and the lowest revenue from sponsors. Owner Ken Horowitz supported the imposition of measures to keep spending down for MLS clubs, as it was reported that the Fusion's ownership had lost $15 million in operating costs since joining the league. On January 8, 2002, MLS commissioner Don Garber announced that the Fusion and the Tampa Bay Mutiny would be expelled from the league and subsequently disbanded. Although the Fusion had their own lease on a 20,000-seat stadium, Garber cited low revenue and lack of corporate sponsorship as the reason for the decision. It was also reported that Horowitz had asked the MLS to pay some of the club's expenses, and this threatened the financial viability of the league, which had reportedly lost $250 million during its first five years. Horowitz also stated that Miami was not a feasible location for the Fusion because many residents did not identify with local sports teams. By the end of January 2002, MLS had contracted Miami Fusion and the club had ceased operations. A dispersal draft for the Fusion and Tampa Bay Mutiny occurred in January 2002.
Chivas USA (2005–2014)
Despite initial success, Chivas USA faced challenges both on and off the field in the early 2010s. Consistent poor form led to the removal of four managers between 2010 and 2013. In addition, the club faced a discrimination lawsuit, administrative departures, and declining attendance. On February 20, 2014, Major League Soccer purchased Chivas USA from Jorge Vergara, the owner of Chivas since the team's inaugural season. They announced plans to sell to a buyer dedicated to keeping the club in Los Angeles, as well as a plan to rebrand the club in time for the 2015 MLS season. ESPN reported on September 29, 2014, that the club would suspend operations at the end of the MLS regular season, according to multiple sources.