BIBLIOGRAPHY.--E. Petit's _André Doria_ (Paris, 1887) is an accurate and documented biography, indicating all the chief works on the subject, but the author is perhaps unduly harsh in his judgment of the admiral; F. D. Guerrazzi's _Vita di Andrea Doria_ (3rd ed., Milan, 1874); among the earlier works L. Cappelloni's _Vita di Andrea Doria_ (Italian edition, Genoa, 1863) and V. Sigonius's _Vita Andreae Doriae_ (1576) may be mentioned; see also "Documenti ispano-genovesi dell'Archivio di Simancas" in the _Atti della Società ligure di Storia patria_, vol. viii.; the _Archivio storico italiano_ (serie iii. tome iv. parte i., 1866) contains a bibliography, but a great deal has been published since that date. (L. V.*)
DORIANS, a name applied by the Greeks to one of the principal groups of Hellenic peoples, in contradistinction to Ionians and Aeolians. In Hellenic times a small district known as Doris in north Greece, between Mount Parnassus and Mount Oeta, counted as "Dorian" in a special sense. Practically all Peloponnese, except Achaea and Elis, was "Dorian," together with Megara, Aegina, Crete, Melos, Thera, the Sporades Islands and the S.W. coast of Asia Minor, where Rhodes, Cos, Cnidus and (formerly) Halicarnassus formed a "Dorian" confederacy. "Dorian" colonies, from Corinth, Megara, and the Dorian islands, occupied the southern coasts of Sicily from Syracuse to Selinus. Dorian states usually had in common the "Doric" dialect, a peculiar calendar and cycle of festivals of which the Hyacinthia and Carneia were the chief, and certain political and social institutions, such as the threefold "Dorian tribes." The worships of Apollo and Heracles, though not confined to Dorians, were widely regarded as in some sense "Dorian" in character.
But those common characters are not to be pressed too far. The northern Doris, for example, spoke Aeolic, while Elis, Phocis, and many non-Dorian districts of north-west Greece spoke dialects akin to Doric. Many Dorian states had additional "non-Dorian tribes"; Sparta, which claimed to be of pure and typical Dorian origin, maintained institutions and a mode of life which were without parallel in Peloponnese, in the Parnassian and in the Asiatic Doris, and were partially reflected in Crete only.