Ilyin or Ilin () is a Russian masculine surname that is derived from the male given name Ilya and literally means Ilya's. its feminine counterpart is Ilyina or Ilina. It may refer to
Aleksandr Ilyin (disambiguation), several people
Aleksei Ilyin (disambiguation), several people
Alin Ilin (born 1984), Romanian football player
Anatoli Ilyin (1931–2016), Soviet Russian football player
Andrey Ilin (born 1960), Russian film and theatre actor
Dmitry Ilyin (born 1984), Russian fine art and documentary street photographer
Efraim Ilin (1912–2011), Israeli tycoon and security expert
Fyodor Ilyin (1892–1939), Soviet admiral and diplomat
Gleb Ilyin (1889–1968), Russian-American painter
Ilya Ilin (born 1988), Kazakhstani weightlifter
Ivan Ilyin (1883–1954), Russian religious and political philosopher
Kostiantyn Ilin (born 1975), Ukrainian strongman competitor
Lev Ilyin (1880–1942), Russian architect
Mikhail Ilyin (1903–1981), Soviet art historian and Moscow expert
Natalya Ilina (born 1985), Kazakhstani handball player
Nikolai Ilyin (sniper) (1922–1943), Soviet World War II sniper
Nikolai Ilyin (Yehowist) (1809–1890), Russian religious thinker and founder of the movement of Yehowists Olga Ilina (born 1995), Russian rhythmic gymnast Olga Ilyin, Russian-born American poet and novelist Sergei Ilyin (born 1968), Russian football player Vasily Ilyin (1949–2015), Soviet handball player Vera Ilyina (born 1974), Russian diver Victoria Ilina (born 1999), Russian rhythmic gymnast Viktor Ilyin (born 1947), Russian deserter from the Soviet Army Vladimir Ilyin (disambiguation), several people Yekaterina Ilyina (born 1991), Russian handball player Yuriy (Yuri) Ilyin Yuriy Ilyin (born 1962), Ukrainian Admiral and Chief of the General Staff Yuri Ilyin (born 1968), Kazakhstani politician, Minister of Emergency Situations Zoltan Ilin (born 1955), Yugoslavian tennis player