We demonstrate a micropatterned directional emitter ({ \mu}DE) with an ultrabroadband, azimuthally selective and tailorable emittance across the thermal wavelengths and over wide angles. The { \mu}DE can enable a novel and passive seasonal thermoregulation of buildings by reducing summertime terrestrial radiative heat gain, and wintertime loss. We show several types of { \mu}DE, such as metallic, white and transparent variants, made using low-cost materials and scalable manufacturing techniques that are already in large-scale use. Furthermore, we show that its directional emittance can be geometrically tailored to sky-view factors in different urban scenarios. Outdoor experiments show that { \mu}DEs stay 1.53-3.26{ \deg}C cooler than traditional omnidirectional building envelopes in warm weather, including when they are sunlit. In cold weather, { \mu}DEs can be up to 0.46{ \deg}C warmer. Additionally, { \mu}DEs demonstrate significant cooling powers of up to 40 Wm-2 in warm conditions and heating powers of up to 30 Wm-2 in cool conditions, relative to typical building envelopes. Building energy models show that { \mu}DEs can achieve all-season energy savings similar to or higher than those of cool roofs. Collectively, our findings show { \mu}DEs as highly promising for thermoregulating buildings.
Categories: physics.app-ph