Below is given the population of the Apache at different periods, all but the first estimate (_Lewis and Clark, 6_) being taken from the annual Indian reports. They have probably never numbered much over three hundred and fifty:
1805--Ca´takâ, 25 tipis, 75 warriors, 300 souls.
1854--40 lodges (Fitzpatrick); 320 (Whitfield, Report of 1855).
1865--500 (Report), 40 lodges, with 4 or 5 to a lodge (Leavenworth, in Report on Condition of Indian Tribes, 37, 1867).
1867--800 (?), 70 tipis, 420 souls (estimate in report of Medicine Lodge treaty--Indian Miscel.).
[Illustration: FIG. 61--Sét-t'án or Little-bear]
_Â'dal-hâ´ñgya Ähágyä-de Sai_, "Winter that they captured the money." The first event recorded occurred about New Near, in the winter of 1832-33, being an encounter with a small party of Americans, resulting in the death of Gúi-kóñgya, "Black-wolf," and the capture of a large quantity of silver coin. The winter is indicated according to the regular system by a black bar below the principal figure, which is that of a man with the picture of a black wolf over his head and joined to it by a line. The breechcloth shows the figure to be that of a man, the black wolf connected by a line expresses his name, while the red spot with blood gushing from it between the shoulders shows that he was shot through the body. Beside it is a very good picture of a silver dollar to indicate the money captured. This last does not appear on the Dohásän calendar, although the capture gives name to the winter.
[Illustration: Fig. 62--Winter 1832-33--Money captured]
According to the Kiowa story, a war party led by Tóñp'ódal-kyä`tó, "Lame-old-man," met a small train in charge of a few Americans close to South Canadian river (_Gúadal P'a_, "Red river"), a short distance below the entrance of a southern creek, which they call _T'ä´ñpeä´ P'a_, "Skunkberry-bush river," about opposite the present town of Lathrop, in the panhandle of Texas. They call Americans _Hâñpóko_, "Trappers," for the reason that the first Americans known to the tribe were trappers. Texans are considered as of a different nation, and are distinguished as _Tehä´neko_ from the Spanish _Tejano_. In this instance the Americans were traveling eastward, and as the place was remote from any regular trail the Indians were at a loss to know why the whites were there. The Kiowa attacked the train, killed several of the party, and captured the money, with the loss to themselves of but one man, Gúi-kóñgya. They found a few coins upon the ground, but this being the first money they had ever seen, they did not know its proper use, and so beat the coins into disks to be fastened to straps worn attached to the scalp lock, and hanging down behind (hence the name for money, _â´dal-hâñ´gya_, literally "hair metal"). After leaving the place they met some Comanche, who already knew the use of money, and on hearing the story told them the value of the silver pieces, upon which the Kiowa returned and searched until they succeeded in finding a large quantity. From this it appears that whatever trade the Kiowa had previously carried on with the Spanish settlements had been by barter in kind, as was usual along the Indian frontier in the early days. This was some time before the beginning of regular intercourse with Americans.