PSYCHOLOGICAL ILLUSTRATION OF THE IDEA OF A REAL OR GENERAL WILL 155-179
2. Connection between social and mental groupings 156 (1) Analogy between them 156 (i) Associations of persons and of ideas 156 (ii) Organisation of social groups and of ideas 159 (2) Identity of social and mental groupings 170 (i) Social groups as an aspect of mental systems 170 (ii) Individual minds as structures of appercipient systems 173 (iii) Social whole as a system of mental systems 175
NATURE OF THE END OF THE STATE AND CONSEQUENT LIMIT OF STATE ACTION 180-234
1. Distinction between Individual and Society irrelevant to question of Social Means and End 180
2. True contrast: Automatism and Consciousness 181
3. End of State, and Means at its disposal _qua_ State 184
4. State can only secure “external” actions 186
5. Principle of the hindrance of hindrances 190
6. State action as the maintenance of rights 201 _(a)_ System of rights from standpoint of community 203 _(b)_ From standpoint of individuals. “Position” 204 (i) As Rights or recognised claims 206 (ii) As Obligations or recognised debts 206 _(c)_ Rights as implying Duties 208 (i) When Duty = Obligation 208 (ii) When Duty = Purpose, which is source of Right 209 _(d)_ Rights, why _recognised_ claims? 210 (i) A “Position” involves recognition 210 (ii) No right based on individual caprice 212
7. State action as punishment 216 (i) Punishment as reformatory 221 (ii) Punishment as retributory 223 (iii) Punishment as deterrent 228
Conclusion. State Action as exercise of a _General Will_ 232
ROUSSEAU’S THEORY AS APPLIED TO THE MODERN STATE: KANT, FICHTE, HEGEL 235-255
1. Rousseau’s literary influence in Germany 235
2. Freedom and Social Contract in Kant 238
3. Freedom and Social Contract in Fichte 244
4. Freedom in Hegel’s _Philosophy of Right_ 247 _(a)_ Supposed reactionary tendency in Hegel 248 _(b)_ Relation of analysis and idealisation 290
5. The Philosophy of Right as a chapter in the Philosophy of Mind 252
THE ANALYSIS OF A MODERN STATE. HEGEL’S “PHILOSOPHY OF RIGHT” 256-295
1. Logic of Society as an _ideal fact_ 256
2. Sphere of Right or Law and its sub-divisions 258
5. Social Ethics 266 (i) Social Ethics as an actual world 266 (ii) Social Ethics as the nature of self-consciousness 267