Przytycki has shown that the size $\mathcal{ N}_{ k}(S)$ of a maximal collection of simple closed curves that pairwise intersect at most $k$ times on a topological surface $S$ grows at most as a polynomial in $|\chi(S)|$ of degree $k^{ 2}+k+1$. In this paper, we narrow Przytycki's bounds by showing that $$ \mathcal{ N}_{ k}(S) =O \left( \frac{ |\chi|^{ 3k}}{ ( \log |\chi| )^2 } \right) , $$ In particular, the size of a maximal 1-system grows sub-cubically in $|\chi(S)|$. The proof uses a circle packing argument of Aougab-Souto and a bound for the number of curves of length at most $L$ on a hyperbolic surface. When the genus $g$ is fixed and the number of punctures $n$ grows, we can improve our estimates using a different argument to give $$ \mathcal{ N}_{ k}(S) \leq O(n^{ 2k+2}) . $$ Using similar techniques, we also obtain the sharp estimate $\mathcal{ N}_{ 2}(S)=\Theta(n^3)$ when $k=2$ and $g$ is fixed.
Categories: math.GT