Tartonne (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.
The name of the inhabitants is Tartonnais.
Geography
Site and climate
The village of Tartonne is located bottom of Valley, altitude, greatly influencing the climate; the differences of temperatures on the same day are very important: in 2004, the mean amplitude of temperature was 27 °C.
The landscape is marked by , a sedimentary rock of black color which is very soft and crumbly to air, but which is very strong in the subsoil.
Hydrography
The river Asse de Clumanc has its source in the north of the commune.
Environment
The commune has of woods and forests, though only 4.5% of its area.
Habitat and hamlets
Like its neighbour Clumanc, Tartonne does not correspond to a specific agglomeration, which is quite unusual. The habitat is very dispersed, and one can distinguish five groups of hamlets which are very distant from each other (up to 10 km):
Petit Défend at altitude
Plan-de-Chaude, the main hamlet at which constitutes the headquarters with the town hall Maladrech at Le Viable, Les Thourons and Les Laugiers, all at Sauzeries-Hautes and Sauzeries-Basses at La Pène or La Peine at
This distance is due to the poverty of the soil, and the difficulty of building: the strong gradients, the presence of numerous watercourses, and the instability of the land, means that more than 85% of the territory of the commune is unbuildable.
Major hazards
None of the 200 communes of the Department is in the zero seismic risk zone. Tartonne is in zone 1b (low seismicity) according to the deterministic classification of 1991, based on the historical earthquakes, and in zone 4 (medium risk) according to the EC8 probabilistic classification of 2011. The municipality of Tartonne is also exposed to three other natural risks:
Forest fire
Flooding
Land movement: several slopes of the municipality are covered by a medium to high hazard
The municipality of Tartonne is exposed to any of the risks of technological origin identified by the prefecture and a foreseeable natural (PPR) for the district exists; the has existed since 2011.
The commune was subject to orders of disaster for flooding and mudslides of mud in 1994 and 2011.
Toponymy
The name of the locality (Tortona in 1199, Tartona in 1200), would be formed on the pre-Celtic root *Tortona, of unknown origin and meaning according to Ernest Nègre, though according to Charles Rostaing rooted in *Tar, designating stone and by the Fénie couple in an oronym (mountain toponym). Negre is disputed by Raymond Sindou, who considers unlikely a lack of change of the name for 1,500 years, and offers a comparison, without a sense of moving forward, Tortona to Dertosa in Hispania Tarraconensis and Dertona in Cisalpine Gaul.
The name of the Summit of Cucuyon at , is formed on the pre-Celtic root *Kug-, another oronym, with repetition and addition of a diminutive suffix.
History
Antiquity
The first traces of occupation date back to the Gallo-Roman at the current location of the hamlet of Petit Defend. Augustus made the conquest of the Asses Valley, while that of the Alps he completed in 14 BC. It is difficult to know the name of the Gallic tribe that inhabited the valley, and the name of the civitas which Tartonne depended on in the early Empire: Eturamina (Thorame) or Sanitensium (Senez). At the end of the Roman Empire, the connection to that of Sanitensium, and its diocese, was proved with the disappearance of the bishopric of Thorame.
Middle Ages
The two communities, La Peine and Tartonne, were reported in charters in the 13th century. In 1342, the two communities of Tartonne and La Peine are attached to the Viguerie of Castellane by the Comte of Provence. It is from the 12th century that the village began to develop, where the village is located on the road from Digne-les-Bains to Colmars passing by Thorame, and that a salt water source had been found, enabling the inhabitants not to pay the gabelle. The village was mainly agricultural (crops, sheep) and the harvesting of salt through the salt source was granted by Queen Jeanne in 1402.