For an operator-differential equation of the form $y^{ (m)}(z) = Ay(z)$, where $A$ is a closed linear operator on a Banach space over the the field of $p$-adic numbers, the necessary and sufficient conditions on initial data for the Cauchy problem to be well-posed in the class of locally analytic vector-valued functions are given. The result is illustrated by $p$-adic partial differential equations.
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