Stephen Alfestus Corker (May 7, 1830 – October 18, 1879) was an American, lawyer, and Civil War veteran on the Confederate side who served briefly as a U.S. Representative from Georgia in early 1871. He was a plantation owner and slaveholder.
Early life
Stephen A. Corker was born near Waynesboro, Georgia to Stephen Corker, a prosperous plantation owner, and his wife Salenah Lanier. He attended common schools in the county. When he was about ten years of age his father died. After his father's death his mother married Calvin B. Churchill, a Baptist clergyman. Corker studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Waynesboro, Georgia. He married Margaret Myrtice Palmer on October 26, 1859, at Augusta, Georgia. In addition to being a lawyer, he also engaged in agricultural pursuits. The 1860 Federal Census has Corker owning four slaves in addition to $4,000 in real estate and $5,600 in personal estate. Ten years later the value of his estate had grown to $11,000 in real estate and $6,000 in personal estate. He was elected ordinary for Burke County in January 1860.
Confederate Army
Corker enlisted on April 29, 1861, as a Sergeant in Company A, Third Georgia Regiment, Burke Guards at Waynesboro, Georgia. Days later on May 2 his company was mustered into service at Augusta, Georgia. During the war he was promoted to Captain of his company. Corker was captured at the Battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. He was first sent to Fort Delaware and was shortly afterwards sent to Johnson's Island Federal prisoner of war camp in Ohio. He stayed there until he was sent to City Point, Virginia on February 24, 1865, as part of a prisoner of war exchange. He was paroled at Augusta, Georgia on May 19, 1865. His initial fate upon capture was not known by his family. His life as a prisoner of war is documented in a series of letters held by the Hargrett Library of the University of Georgia. After the war, he returned home and resumed the practice of law in Waynesboro and was a judge by the late 1860s.
Congressional Service
In August 1870, Corker was one of thirty-two delegates from Burke County to the State Democratic Convention. In October that year he was nominated for the short term and Dudley M. DuBose was nominated for the long term for Georgia's 5th Congressional district by the Democratic nominating committee at Augusta, Georgia. The short term referred to Congress the vacancy caused by the House of Representatives declaring Congressman Charles H. Prince not entitled to his seat for the Forty-first Congress. Prince and the rest of Congressional Delegation from Georgia had been elected in April 1868 for the last remaining months of the 40th United States Congress and had then attempted to present their same credentials for the next Congress without a subsequent election. The position became vacant on March 3, 1869, while Congress decided the legality of their elections. Congress decided that January 1870 that the members elected in April 1868 were not entitled to the seats for the Forty-First Congress. It was decided that elections for both the remaining portion of Forty-First Congress and the Forty-Second were to be held jointly in December 1870.
Corker's opponent in the election was a black Republican named Thomas Payce Beard. The elections results given by the Georgia Secretary of State were 14,678 for Corker and 9,112 for Beard. The results were contested by Beard. Beard reported that Republicans were compelled through threats of violence to vote for Corker against their wills, that there were numerous incidents of voting fraud, and that Republicans had been beaten, shot at, and maltreated prior to and during the election. Corker denied the allegations and countered that the Republicans were not united behind Beard. Corker presented his credentials to Congress and was seated on January 24, 1871, pending the results of the Elections Committee. A Federal investigation into the election began soon afterwards. Testimony was taken by witnesses of the election in the middle of February 1871. One witness, Washington Dawson, recalled Republican voters being threatened with being attacked by the Ku Klux Klan if they did not vote the Democratic ticket. Other witnesses reported the election to have been peaceful and fair, and that some blacks had voted willingly for Corker. The case never came before the Elections Committee. Corker served until the end of his term on March 3, 1871, for a total of thirty-nine days.