A literary society is a group of people interested in literature. In the modern sense, this refers to a society that wants to promote one genre of writing or a specific author. Modern literary societies typically promote research, publish newsletters, and hold meetings where findings can be presented and discussed. Some are more academic and scholarly, while others are more social groups of amateurs who appreciate a chance to discuss their favourite writer with other hobbyists.
Historically, "literary society" has also referred to salons such as those of Madame de Stael, Madame Geoffrin and Madame de Tencin in Ancien Regime France. Another meaning was of college literary societies, student groups specific to the United States.
The oldest formal societies for writing and promoting poetry are the chambers of rhetoric in the Low Countries, which date back to the Middle Ages.
19th century literary societies
In Australia, Women's Literary Society () in Sydney
In France, Parnassian poets (ca. 1866) In Germany, the Tunnel über der Spree and the Georgekreis are among the most famous. However, the largest society are the Literarische Gesellschaft/Scheffelbund Karlsruhe, founded 1891 (in Schwetzingen, now Karlsruhe) in honor of Joseph Victor von Scheffel with about 7.000 members, and the Deutsche Schillergesellschaft (founded in 1895), honoring Friedrich Schiller and hosting the Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach, the largest private German literary archive with about 2.500 members. In Russia, the Arzamas Society (1815) In India, the Bangiya Sahitya Parishad (1893), to promote Bengali literature In Italy, the Società letteraria di Verona (1808) In Mexico, the Arcadia Mexicana (1808), the Academia de Letrán (1836), and the Liceo Hidalgo (1850) In the United States, the oldest surviving literary society is the Literary Club of Cincinnati, formed in 1849. The second oldest is the Literary Society of Washington, which was organized in 1874. Another example is the Romney Literary Society (1819–1886), which was established in Romney, West Virginia.
20th century literary societies
In Canada, The Bootmakers of Toronto
In Germany, the Group 47
In India, the Assam Sahitya Sabha, to promote Assamese literature
In the Netherlands, Medieval Chronicle Society (1999)
In Russia, the Serapion Brothers and the Left Front of the Arts's group
In the United Kingdom, The Kipling Society
In the United States, The Baker Street Irregulars, The Jane Austen Society of North America (5000 members), the Norman Mailer Society, and The Wolfe Pack.. The Tucson Literary Club formed in Tucson, Arizona in 1921.
American college literary societies
There was a specialized form of the literary society which existed at American colleges and universities in the 19th century. The college literary societies were a part of virtually all academic institutions. Usually they existed in pairs at a particular campus, and would compete for members and prestige, and supplemented the classical studies of the curriculum with modern literature and current events. Many also maintained significant libraries, which often rivaled or surpassed the college library. When they disbanded, the libraries were typically given to the college. Even today, the oldest books in the early American colleges often bear the bookplate of a literary society.