[116] See BRAMBILLA, op. cit. [note 106], plate 2; DENIS DIDEROT, _Dictionnaire risonné des sciences, arts et métiers. Recueil des planches_ (Lausanne and Berne, 1780), volume 2, plate 23; and BENJAMIN BELL, _A System of Surgery_, 5th edition (Edinburgh, 1791), volume 1, plate 5.
[117] JAMES LATTA, _A Practical System of Surgery_ (Edinburgh, 1795), volume 1, plate I; BENJAMIN BELL, _A System of Surgery_, 7th edition (Edinburgh, 1801), volume 3, plate 7.
[118] JOHN WEISS, _An Account of Inventions and Improvements in Surgical Instruments Made by John Weiss, 62, Strand_, 2nd edition (London, 1831), pages 12-13. A Mr. Fuller introduced a similar improvement, which Weiss claimed Fuller had pirated from him. The only difference between Weiss's Improved Scarificator and Fuller's Improved Scarificator was that the blades in Weiss's were arch shaped and those of Fuller's crescent shaped. The cupper, Knox, preferred the crescent blades because they gave a sharper cut. In any case, most nineteenth-century scarificators were made with crescent-shaped blades. On Fuller's scarificator, see BAYFIELD, op. cit. [note 87], pages 99-100; and, SEERIG, op. cit. [note 111], pages 604-605 and plate 56.
[119] _Extract du Catalogue de la maison Charrière_ (Paris, 1843), page 30; KNOX, op. cit. [note 2], pages 39, 40.
[120] This statement is based on the perusal of a wide variety of nineteenth-century trade catalogs. See "List of Trade Catalogs Consulted."
[123] HILLS, op. cit. [note 101], page 266.
[124] BAYFIELD, op. cit. [note 87], page 116.
[125] KNOX, op. cit. [note 2], pages 53-64.
[127] HERO OF ALEXANDRIA, _The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria_, translated by Bennet Woodcroft (London, 1851).
[128] GURLT, op. cit. [note 1], volume 2, page 565 and plate X.
[129] BRAMBILLA, op. cit. [note 106], page 42, mentioned but did not picture a cup with air pump. One of the earliest illustrations of a cup with pump is found in SAVIGNY, op. cit. [note 106], plate 7.
[130] MAPLESON, op. cit. [note 90], page 63.
[132] JOHN READ, _A Description of Read's Patent Syringe Pump_ (London, no date). See also JOHN READ, _An Appeal to the Medical Profession on the Utility of the Improved Patent Syringe_, 2nd edition (London, ca. 1825).