Arna Jharna Museum (or Arna JharnaThe Thar Desert Museum) is a folk museum located in a village called Moklawas near Jodhpur in Rajasthan. The museum opened in 2000 under the aegis of Rupayan Sansthan. It is a Museum of Folk Culture envisioned by eminent folklorist and ethno-musicologist, Padma Bhushan Komal Kothari (19292004). Arna Jharna literally means Forest and Spring. Its location showcases the terrain of Marwar region through rocky outcrops, desert cacti, and ravines.
The museum captures the ethnography of Rajasthan through everyday objects that reflect ecology, intangible heritage and cultural practices of the region and its communities. Kothari had stated that this museum will not house antique artifacts, precious curios, or objects of high monetary value. Many facets of knowledge and skills of a culture are kept alive by communities by passing it from one generation to another. Thus, the museum displays objects to explain cultural processes, community linkages, and regional contexts. It is also called a living museum where the objects are part of the daily lives of common people.
Vision
The aim of the Arna Jharna Museum is to showcase indigenous and traditional knowledge systems of Thar Desert. It houses objects that link cultural practices of the region to larger ecological frameworks. Komal Kothari, who conceptualized this museum, was a renowned folklorist. He saw that the rich traditional knowledge is vanishing rapidly with increasing urbanization. He would say, “My grandmother could identify ninety-five colours, today we can name about twenty…” These concerns were at the base of his vision of an ethnographic museum. Museum director and secretary of Rupayan Sansthan, Kuldeep Kothari recalled the words of his father Komal, that the museum “will relate the story of the creative ingenuity of the common folk by tracing the history of tangible cultural objects and the role they play in their daily life.”
Theme
Main theme of the Arna Jharna Museum is folk elements of knowledge which have both tangible and intangible aspects. Therefore, the physical display of objects has been complemented by research-based documentation of the cultural process related to it. The purpose is to curate a collection based on scientific research of the folk culture of Thar which can be taken forward by experts and scholars of the field. It focuses on objects that carry stories of use, continuity, and survival of traditional knowledge of the folk.
Method
For deconstructing the folk culture, Kothari found the political and administrative divisions of little or no use. He divided Rajasthan into three zones based on their predominant crop. Thus, Rajasthan was divided into three crop zones – Bajra (millet), Jowar (barley), Makka (maize) and objects were collected and displayed zone wise.
Kothari also devised an ecological framework of socio-economic activities based on the crop patterns of rural communities in Rajasthan. Rural folk conduct marriage, fairs, festivals in accordance with crop patterns of sowing, harvesting, marketing etc. Specific biodiversity is showcased through rural folk objects that use locally available produce to create utility and decorative objects. Thus, local and regional context of connections of ecology and folk culture are illustrated in the design and display of the museum.
Design and display
The museum aims to foster experiential learning through recreating a holistic ambience of desert life and folk culture.
Location and space
The museum is located on a terrain that is home to desert flora and fauna and the open spaces between different exhibits highlight desert vegetation and trees of the region. The buildings are designed according to the principles of local architecture. The red-brown walls are coated with local mixture of animal dung. The thatched roofs make use of local grass, and the decorative motifs are drawn from the repertoire of folk art of desert villages. The constructed structures merge seamlessly with the terrain. With the carefully curated exhibits, museum premises have been designed to facilitate a holistic experience of desert life and culture.