From these cases it is evident that the flowers in question become regular by the repetition of the irregular parts.
[Illustration: FIG. 123.--Two-lipped flower of _Aristolochia caudata_.]
It is probable that peloria may occur in any habitually irregular flower, and that, if more attention were directed to the subject, illustrations might be obtained from a larger number of natural families than can be done at present. It is, however, necessary to exercise discrimination, and not to attribute to peloria all the cases that at first sight appear to be so referable. Thus, Professor Dickson exhibited at the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, December 13th, 1860, four abnormal flowers of the common Indian cress (_Tropæolum majus_), each presenting a supernumerary spur. On these he remarked that "in _Tropæolum_ the posterior part of the receptacle between the insertion of the petals and that of the stamens is dilated so as to form the spur which is so characteristic in the genus. The position of the spur in a line with the posterior sepal has led many botanists to consider it as a process of that sepal, but the fact of its being situated within the insertion of the petals is conclusive as to its receptacular origin. In the flowers exhibited the supernumerary spur (as if to show its want of connection with any sepal) was placed exactly between a lateral sepal and one of the anterior sepals, sometimes on the one side of the flower and sometimes on the other. These additional spurs were precisely similar to the normal ones, except that they were a little shorter. This abnormality, although at first sight seeming to indicate a pelorian tendency, is no approximation to regularity, from the fact of the extra spur being differently placed, with regard to the sepals, from the normal one."
Peloria of this kind, when perfect, is very often associated with other alterations. Change of direction is one of the most common of these; the usually drooping flower becomes erect, the stamens and style also are changed in direction, while, not unfrequently, either the one or the other (most often the stamens) are entirely suppressed. With this suppression an increase in the size of the flower very generally coincides. The number of parts is also frequently increased; thus, in _Antirrhinum majus_ the corolla, when subjected to peloria, is very generally six-parted, and has six stamens. Fusion of one or more flowers is also a common accompaniment of peloria, as in _Digitalis purpurea_, in which plant prolification often adds increased complexity to the flower.