NOTE.--_(b) Signifies terms used in connection with binding only. (c) Terms usually employed in connection with the composing-room. (e) Terms used in engraving. (el) Terms used in electrotyping. (g) Terms used with general significance. (p) Terms used in connection with presswork._
=Accents= (_g_).--Small marks placed over, under, or through particular letters, used to indicate pronunciation.
=Adams Press= (_p_).--A large platen printing-machine, used for bookwork.
=Agate= (_c_).--A small size of type equal to 5½ points. See _Point_.
=Alignment= (_c_).--The arrangement of type in straight lines, also the adjustment of the lines of type so that their ends appear in line, vertically.
=All-along= (_b_).--In sewing a book, when the thread is passed from kettle-stitch to kettle-stitch, or from end to end in each sheet, it is sewed all-along.
=Alley= (_c_).--The floor space between stands where compositors work.
=Antique Type= (_c_).--Fonts of type of an old or medieval character. The lines of all the characters are nearly uniform as to thickness; the corners square and bold.
=Aquatint= (_e_).--A peculiar style of etching on copper or steel in imitation of drawings in sepia or India ink.
=Arabic Numbers= (_c_).--The numeral figures as distinguished from Roman characters.
=Art Canvas= (_b_).--A book cloth known both as Art Canvas and Buckram.
=Ascending Letters= (_c_).--Letters that ascend to the upper shoulder of the type body; as, _b_, _d_, _f_, _h_, _l_, etc.
=Author's Proof= (_c_).--Proof sent to the author for inspection and approval.
=Azure Tools= (_b_).--Used in binding, where the heavy and wide marks, instead of being a solid mass, are made with horizontal lines.
=Backing= (_b_).--The process of forming the back in preparing the book for the cover or case, commonly called Rounding and Backing. It is done in three ways; viz. (1) by hand with a hammer, (2) by a hand rounding-and-backing machine, (3) by a steam- or electric-driven machine.
=Backing Up= (_p_).--Printing the second side of a sheet.
=Band Driver and Nippers= (_b_).--Tools used in forwarding, to correct irregularities in the bands of flexible backs.
=Bands= (_b_).--The cords on which the sheets of a volume are sewed. When sewed "flexible," the bands show on the back of the book; when bands are let in the back by sawing grooves, narrow strips of leather are glued across the back to look like raised bands.