The _religious observance of Sunday_ was the subject of frequent enactments. The third of the laws of Ine enacts that if a theow work on Sunday by his lord's command, the theow shall be exempt from penalty, but his lord shall pay 30_s._; if the theow work of his own accord (since he has no money), he shall "pay with his skin," _i.e._ shall be scourged. If a free man work on that day without his lord's command, he shall forfeit his freedom or pay 60_s._; a priest offending shall be liable to a double penalty. The laws of Wihtred of Kent contain enactments to the same effect. The laws of Alfred encourage the observance of other holy days by the enactment that "to all free men these days be given" (_i.e._ free men are not to be required by their lords to work on these days): twelve days at the Nativity, Good Friday--"the day on which Christ conquered the devil," St. Gregory's day, seven days before Easter and seven days after, St. Peter's day and St. Paul's day, in autumn a full week before the festival of St. Brice (Nov. 13), one day before All Saints, and the four Wednesdays in the four fasting (Ember) weeks. The law does not free theowes from work on these days, but suggests to their masters to give them, in God's name, such relaxation from work on such of these days as they shall deserve. The laws of Edgar define that Sunday is to be kept from noontide of Saturday till dawn of Monday. At the Council of Eynsham (1009), it was further enjoined that there be no markets or folk motes (the laws of Canute also forbid hunting) on Sundays; that all St. Mary's feast tides be honoured with those of every apostle, and Fridays be kept as a fast. Festivals of English saints were from time to time added to the Kalendar. We have seen that the Council of Clovesho (747), decreed the observance of days in honour of St. Gregory and St. Augustine. In the decrees of the Council of Enysham we find: "The witan have chosen that St. Edward's mass day shall be celebrated all over England on the XV. Kal. Apr." (March 18). The laws of Canute repeat the obligation of the previous holy days, and after mention of the witan's appointment of a festival of St. Edward, add a festival of St. Dunstan on XIV. Kal. Junias (May 19).
Frontiers Report
Parish Priests and Their People in the Middle Ages in England — Part 45
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