The wild Tribes of New Mexico -- Speculative Theories -- Clavigero and the _Azteques_ -- Pueblo Bonito and other Ruins -- Probable Relationship between the _Azteques_ and tribes of New Mexico -- The several Nations of this Province -- _Navajóes_ and _Azteques_ -- Manufactures of the former -- Their Agriculture, Religion, etc. -- Mexican Cruelty to the Indians and its Consequences -- Inroads of the Navajóes -- Exploits of a Mexican Army -- How to make a Hole in a Powder-keg -- The _Apaches_ and their Character -- Their Food -- Novel Mode of settling Disputes -- Range of their marauding Excursions -- Indian Traffic and imbecile Treaties -- Devastation of the Country -- Chihuahua Rodomontades -- Juan José, a celebrated Apache Chief, and his tragical End, etc. -- Massacre of Americans in Retaliation -- A tragical Episode -- _Proyecto de Guerra_ and a 'gallant' Display -- The _Yutas_ and their Hostilities -- A personal Adventure with them, but no blood shed -- Jicarillas.
All the Indians of New Mexico not denominated Pueblos--not professing the Christian religion--are ranked as _wild tribes_, although these include some who have made great advances in arts, manufactures and agriculture. Those who are at all acquainted with the ancient history of Mexico, will recollect that, according to the traditions of the aborigines, all the principal tribes of Anahuac descended from the North: and that those of Mexico, especially [Pg068] the Azteques, emigrated { 283} from the north of California, or northwest of New Mexico. Clavigero, the famous historian heretofore alluded to,[35] speaking of this emigration, observes, that the _Azteques_, or Mexican Indians, who were the last settlers in the country of Anahuac, lived until about the year 1160 of the Christian era in Aztlan, a country situated to the north of the Gulf of California; as is inferred from the route of their peregrinations, and from the information afterwards acquired by the Spaniards in their expeditions through those countries. He then proceeds to show by what incentives they were probably induced to abandon their native land; adding that whatever may have been the motive, no doubt can possibly exist as to the journey's having actually been performed. He says that they travelled in a southeastwardly direction towards the Rio Gila, where they remained for some time--the ruins of their edifices being still to be seen, upon its banks. They then struck out for a point over two hundred and fifty miles to the northwest of Chihuahua in about 29° of N. latitude, where they made another halt. This place is known by the name of _Casas Grandes_[36] (big houses), on account of a large edifice which still stands on the spot, and which, according to the general tradition of those regions, was erected by the Mexican Indians, during their [Pg069] wanderings. The building is constructed after the plan of those in New Mexico, with three stories, covered with an _azotea_ or terrace, and without door or entrance { 284} into the lower story. A hand ladder is also used as a means of communication with the second story.