The following are the principal abbreviations used:
E.R.E. Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics (edited by Hastings).
J.A.O.S. Journal of the American Oriental Society.
J.R.A.S. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.
S.B.E. Sacred Books of the East (Clarendon Press).
Volume 3 has a number of words in Chinese. These are represented by the notation [Chinese: ] in the text files. In html the words are included as image files.
ROUTLEDGE & KEGAN PAUL LTD Broadway House, 68-74 Carter Lane, London, E.C.4.
_First published_ 1921 _Reprinted_ 1954 _Reprinted_ 1957 _Reprinted_ 1962
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY LUND HUMPHRIES LONDON-BRADFORD
XLV. CHINA (_continued_). SCHOOLS OF CHINESE BUDDHISM
XLVI. CHINA (_continued_). CHINESE BUDDHISM AT THE PRESENT DAY
LII. TIBET (_continued_). DOCTRINES OF LAMAISM
MUTUAL INFLUENCE OF EASTERN AND WESTERN RELIGIONS
LVI. INDIAN INFLUENCE IN THE WESTERN WORLD
The subject of this Book is the expansion of Indian influence throughout Eastern Asia and the neighbouring islands. That influence is clear and wide-spread, nay almost universal, and it is with justice that we speak of Further India and the Dutch call their colonies Neerlands Indië. For some early chapters in the story of this expansion the dates and details are meagre, but on the whole the investigator's chief difficulty is to grasp and marshal the mass of facts relating to the development of religion and civilization in this great region.
The spread of Hindu thought was an intellectual conquest, not an exchange of ideas. On the north-western frontier there was some reciprocity, but otherwise the part played by India was consistently active and not receptive. The Far East counted for nothing in her internal history, doubtless because China was too distant and the other countries had no special culture of their own. Still it is remarkable that whereas many Hindu missionaries preached Buddhism in China, the idea of making Confucianism known in India seems never to have entered the head of any Chinese.
It is correct to say that the sphere of India's intellectual conquests was the East and North, not the West, but still Buddhism spread considerably to the west of its original home and entered Persia. Stein discovered a Buddhist monastery in "the terminal marshes of the Helmund" in Seistan[1] and Bamian is a good distance from our frontier. But in Persia and its border lands there were powerful state religions, first Zoroastrianism and then Islam, which disliked and hindered the importation of foreign creeds and though we may see some resemblance between Sufis and Vedantists, it does not appear that the Moslim civilization of Iran owed much to Hinduism.
