[67] _Monarchs_.--See Bunsen's _Egypt, passim_.
[68] _Writers_.--The first ten books of Livy are extant, and bring Roman history to the consulship of Julius Maximus Gurges and Junius Brutus Scoene, in 292 B.C. Dionysius published his history seven years before Christ. Five of Plutarch's Lives fall within the period before the war with Pyrrhus. There are many sources besides those of the works of historians from which general information is obtained.
[69] _Niebuhr_.--"Genuine or oral tradition has kept the story of Tarpeia for _five-and-twenty hundred years_ in the mouths of the common people, who for many centuries have been total strangers to the names of Cloelia and Cornelia."--_Hist_. vol. i. p. 230.
[70] _Event.--Credibility of Early Roman History_, vol. i. p. 101.
[71] _Libri lintei_.--Registers written on linen, mentioned by Livy, under the year 444 B.C.
[72] _Nail_.--Livy quotes Cincius for the fact that a series of nails were extant in the temple of Hostia, at Volsinii, as a register of successive years. Quite as primitive an arrangement as the North American _quipus_.
[73] _Seanchaidhé_ (pronounced "shanachy").--It means, in this case, strictly a historian; but the ancient historian was also a bard or poet.
[74] _Privileges_.--We can scarcely help requesting the special attention of the reader to these well-authenticated facts. A nation which had so high an appreciation of its annals, must have been many degrees removed from barbarism for centuries.
[76] _Before_.--This, of course, opens up the question as to whether the Irish Celts had a written literature before the arrival of St. Patrick. The subject will be fully entertained later on.
[77] _Genealogies_.-There is a "distinction and a difference" between a genealogy and a pedigree. A genealogy embraces the descent of a family, and its relation to all the other families that descended from the same remote parent stock, and took a distinct tribe-name, as the Dalcassians. A pedigree traces up the line of descent to the individual from whom the name was derived.
[78] _Events_.--Arnold mentions "the _family traditions_ and funeral orations out of which the oldest annalists [of Roman history] compiled their narratives." vol. i. p. 371. Sir G.C. Lewis, however, thinks that the composition of national annals would precede the composition of any private history; but he adds that he judges from the "example of modern times." With all respect to such an authority, it seems rather an unphilosophical conclusion. Family pedigrees would depend on family pride, in which the Romans were by no means deficient; and on political considerations, which were all-important to the Irish Celt.