DISTRIBUTION.--Brazil, near Ypanéma, Province of St. Paulo.
{ 145}X. THE BLACK AND RED TAMARIN. MIDAS NIGRICOLLIS.
_Midas nigricollis_, Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras., p. 28, pl. 21 (1823).
_Midas rufoniger_, I. Geoffr. et Deville, C. R., xxvii., p. 499 (1848); Is. Geoffr., Cat. Méth. Primates, p. 64 (1851); Castelnau, Expéd. Amér. Sud, pl. v., fig. 3 (1855); Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 67 (1870).
_Hapale nigricollis_, Schl., Mus. Pays Bas, vii., p. 264 (1876).
CHARACTERS.--Differs from _M. fuscicollis_ in having the back, loins, thighs, and legs bright reddish-chestnut. (_Gray._) Mouth bordered with longish white hairs.
DISTRIBUTION.--The Upper Amazon Region. (_Bates._) The Black and Red Tamarin is considered by Mr. Bates to be a form or race of the same stock as _M. ursulus_, modified to suit the altered local conditions of its home, for in the Upper Amazon Region, as Mr. Wallace has pointed out, the seasons, as well as the nature of the country, differ very considerably.
HABITS.--Mr. Bates states that in its habits the present species is similar to _Midas ursulus_. "One day," he says, "whilst walking along a forest pathway, I saw one of these lively little fellows miss his grasp as he was passing from one tree to another along with his troop. He fell head foremost from a height of at least fifty feet; but managed cleverly to alight on his legs on the pathway; quickly turning round, he gave me a good stare for a few minutes, and then bounded off gaily to climb another tree."
_Hapale illigeri_, Pucher., Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 336.
{ 146}_Midas illigeri_, Geoffr., Cat. Méth. Primates, p. 65 (1851); Schl., Mus. Pays Bas, vii., p. 65 (1876).
_Midas flavifrons_, var. _d._ Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 67 (1870).
_Midas devillii_ (nec Geoffr.), Sclater, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 220, pl. xiii.
CHARACTERS.--Head black; back black, washed with grey; back of head, nape of neck, shoulders and humeral region black, washed with reddish-brown; under side and the outer and inner surface of both limbs red; tail at base and tip red, intermediate portion black.
The sexes hardly differ; the male being merely rather larger and darker, especially on the head and nape, where the hair is longer.
DISTRIBUTION.--Mr. E. Bartlett says that this was the only _Midas_ met with by him in Eastern Peru. It was plentiful everywhere in the Peruvian Amazons; and he obtained specimens both on the Huallaga and Ucayali rivers.