The hair is not annulated in the young animal.
DISTRIBUTION.--Japan. Common on the hills at Kioto, according to Mr. Gower, who was H.B.M. Consul at Hiogo in 1875. Dr. J. Rein records that it is found all over the island of Nippon up to 41° N. latitude, and has consequently a further northern habitat than any other existing Monkey.
HABITS.--Nothing is known of the habits of the Japanese Macaque; but they are in all probability similar to those of its Indian relatives.
VI. THE LEONINE MACAQUE. MACACUS LEONINUS.
_Macacus leoninus_, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. A. S. Beng., p. 7 (1863); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 663, pl. xxxv. (male and female); Anderson, Zool. Exped. Yun-nan, p. 52 (1878; with full synonymy); Blanford, Faun. Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 18, fig. 6 (1891).
_Macacus andamanensis_, Bartlett, _Land and Water_, viii., p. 57 (1869); P. Z. S., 1869, p. 467.
_Inuus leoninus_, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng., xliv., p. 2 (1875).
CHARACTERS.--A thick-set, short-limbed, somewhat Dog-like animal; head, broad, flat above; the muzzle short; tail short, turned over the back, about one-third the length of the body.
Upper surface of head with short fur radiating from the vertex, "surrounded in front and on both sides by a horse-shoe-shaped crest, the supra-orbital portion of which consists of very stiff hairs." (_Blanford._) Face thinly covered with fine hairs; { 15}along the sides of the face a backwardly directed whisker meeting below the chin. Fur on the back of the neck, shoulders, and upper part of the fore-limb, long, shorter behind the shoulders and shortest on the rump; buttocks sparsely haired; tail somewhat tufted; belly and upper and inner parts of the limbs thinly haired. Length, 23 inches; tail (without the tuft), 8 inches.
MALE.--Face brownish flesh-colour on the muzzle and between the eyes, bluish-white round the latter; frontal bar white; a narrow line from the outer corner of the eye backwards, red; a horse-shoe-shaped crest, mid-line of back, lower back, sacral region, and upper surface of tail, black, the hairs being grey at base, and dark brown, or black, along their outer portion; ears flesh-coloured, and the hair on and round them white; region above the eyes and round the face, chin, and throat, yellowish-brown--the hairs being ringed, above their grey bases, with dark brown and orange, and tipped with black; on the shoulders, back of the neck and upper part of the arms orange olive--the hairs having the orange rings more predominant than the brown; rest of the fore limb yellowish-olive; thighs dusky-grey, washed with black; buttocks grey; lower parts of body, inner sides of limbs, and under side of tail, light greyish-brown; caudal tuft often bright rufous. Excepting on the head, loins, tail, and buttocks, all the hairs are annulated, above their grey bases, with orange and brown, and dark-tipped. Hands and feet dusky flesh-colour.