We investigate a thermally isolated quantum many-body system with an external control represented by a time-dependent parameter. We formulate a path integral in terms of thermal pure states and derive an effective action for trajectories in a thermodynamic state space, where the entropy appears with its conjugate variable. In particular, for quasi-static operations, the symmetry for the uniform translation of the conjugate variable emerges in the path integral. This leads to the entropy as a Noether invariant.
Categories: cond-mat.stat-mech gr-qc hep-th quant-ph