[Footnote 492: For a graphic picture of the scene in the Circus in Augustus' time see Ovid, _Ars Amatoria_, i. 135 foll.]
[Footnote 494: See Schol. Bob. on the _pro Sestio_, new Teubner ed., p. 105.]
[Footnote 495: Val. Max. ii. 3. 2. The conjecture as to the object of the exhibition by the consuls is that of Bücheler, in _Rhein. Mus._1883, p. 476 foll.]
[Footnote 496: The example was set, according to Livy, _Epit_. 16, by a Junius Brutus at the beginning of the first Punic war.]
[Footnote 498: The origin of these bloody shows at funerals needs further investigation. It may be connected with a primitive and savage custom of sacrificing captives to the Manes of a chief, of which we have a reminiscence in the sacrifice of captives by Aeneas, in Virg. _Aen_. xi. 82.]
[Footnote 499: See Lucian Müller's _Ennius_, p. 35 foll., where he maintains against Mommsen the intelligence and taste of the Romans of the 2nd century B.C.]
[Footnote 500: Cic. _Brutus_, 28. 107, where he speaks of having known the poet himself.]
[Footnote 502: _Pro Sestio_, 55. 117 foll.]
[Footnote 504: It is only fair to say that this information comes from a letter of Asinius Pollio to Cicero (_ad Fam_. x. 32. 3), and as Pollio was one who had a word of mockery for every one, we may discount the story of the tears.]
[Footnote 505: Tibicines, usually mistranslated flute-players; this characteristic Italian instrument was really a primitive oboe played with a reed, and usually of the double form (two pipes with a connected mouthpiece), still sometimes seen in Italy.]
[Footnote 507: Val. Max. ii. 4. 2; Livy, _Epit_. 48.]
[Footnote 509: Tertullian, _de Spectaculis_, 10; Pliny, _N.H._ viii. 20.]
[Footnote 510: See the excellent account in Hülsen, vol. iii. of Jordan's _Topographie_, p. 524 foll. Some of the arches of the supporting arcade are still visible.]
[Footnote 511: _ad Fam_. vii. I. Professor Tyrrell calls this letter a rhetorical exercise; is it not rather one of those in which Cicero is taking pains to write, therefore writing less easily and naturally than usual?]
[Footnote 512: I have used Mr. Shuckburgh's translation, with one or two verbal changes.]
[Footnote 513: Pliny, _Nat. Hist_. viii. 21.]
[Footnote 514: _de Div_. i. 37. 80. Cp. the story in Plut. _Cic_. 5.]