NOTE: Seattle and Denver are the only cities which report that they clean their sidewalks. Denver limits its work to the business district. All cities report they do not dump sweepings in manholes. All cities except Salt Lake City and Norwich report they sprinkle streets preceding sweeping. Cambridge, San Francisco, and Springfield, Mass., are the only cities which report they do not have sprinklers precede squeegee machines.
On account of favorable weather conditions and the necessity of economising very little machine brooming is done.
One-tenth of it cleaned four times daily. Two-fifths once a day. One- half once a week.
Sweepers patrol streets from one to ten times daily.
Also includes machine sweeping, cleaned periodically.
43,341 loads in year; 85% 2 cu. yds. each and 15% 3 cu. yds. each.
Four of these on the average will be sub-foremen at $3.50, and the other laborers at $2.50 for 8 hours. These men are also under the supervision of four district deputies at $125 a month each. These district deputies have many other duties.
Length of day eight hours, unless otherwise noted.
City also paid for water and hydrant rental $25,329.88
Based on street 30 feet wide and sprinkled twice daily for 150 days.
Railroad company furnishes electric power and use of tracks for car sprinkler and power flusher. City pays for car.
City furnishes two men and company motormen and conductor. City owns sprinklers.
Including 10% of cost of machinery for depreciation and repairs and 4½% interest on machinery.
Does not include depreciation and interest.
On city work only. Does not include amount paid to contractor.
Includes cleaning drains and gutters and inlets, cleaning under small highway bridges and removing fallen trees from roadway.
One square equals 540 ft. including salaries and wages, cost of new appliances, repairs and maintenance of appliances and all other overhead charges.
Includes depreciation and repairs, but not general supervision.
SEWAGE DISPOSAL EFFICIENCY OF PROCESSES USED BY AMERICAN CITIES—OPINIONS OF AUTHORITIES— EXPERIMENTS WITH NEW METHODS.
Recognition of the necessity for the proper disposal of sewage is now quite prevalent in most American communities, whether large or small. In many sections the problem has become vital, and as the population increases, it is only a matter of time when all will be compelled to solve the problem, for its importance grows in direct proportion to the rapid increase in inhabitants. The continued concentration of population makes it increasingly difficult and expensive for a municipality to secure and maintain a pure water supply and forces community activity for protection against disease germs. It also causes the demand for the improvement of the esthetic condition of bodies of water within or near a city’s boundaries. Many states have already recognized the conditions due to these nuisances and have enacted strict legislation with a view to preventing the pollution of streams and other bodies of water, for the protection of water supplies, surface and underground, and for the elimination of disease germs accompanying sewage. States and even nations have realized that sewage disposal is more than a local problem. In every case it is an inter-community problem, in some it is inter- state and in a few the question must be settled by national governments.