"There can be no doubt that the minimum expectation of the framers of this amendment to the Constitution was that it would make the first eight amendments to the Constitution binding upon the states, as they already were upon the Federal Government, and that it should be susceptible not only of negative enforcement by the courts but also of direct positive enforcement by Congress."--_Cyclopedia of American Government_, Vol. II, p. 41.
79 Constitution of the United States, Amendment XV.
80 "By a series of decisions the most important of which were those in the Slaughter House cases (16 Wallace 36) and in the Civil Rights Cases (109 U.S. 3) the United States Supreme Court established the following principles: (1) that the prohibitions of the fourteenth amendment are addressed to the states as such and not to private individuals; (2) that these prohibitions contemplate only positive state acts and not acts of omission; (3) that the amendment recognizes a distinction between state citizenship and United States citizenship; (4) that it protects from state abridgement only 'the privileges and immunities' which the Constitution by its other provisions bestows upon 'citizens of the United States' as such."--_Cyclopedia of American Government_, Vol. II, p. 41.
The nineteenth amendment which is now ratified by the States, provides that "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex."--Constitution of the United States, Amendment XIX.
81 "The good citizen must in the first place, recognize what he owes his fellow citizens. If he is worthy to live in a free republic he must keep before his eyes his duty to the nation of which he forms a part. He must keep himself informed, and he must think of himself as well as of the great questions of the day; and he must know how to express his thoughts."--Theodore Roosevelt.
82 In receiving applications for the many appointments which it was his duty to make, President Taylor said: "I shall make honesty, capacity and fidelity indispensable requisites to the bestowal of office; and the absence of any one of these qualities shall be deemed sufficient cause for removal."