ARNDT ([.a]rnt), Ernst Moritz, German patriot and poet, was born 1769, died 1860. He was appointed professor of history at Greifswald in 1806, and stirred up the national feeling against Napoleon in his work _Geist der Zeit_ (_Spirit of the Time)_. In 1812-3 he zealously promoted the war of independence by a number of pamphlets, poems, and spirited songs, among which it is sufficient to refer to his _Was ist des Deutschen Vaterland?_, _Der Gott, der Eisen wachsen liess_, and _Was blasen die Trompeten? Husaren, heraus!_, which were caught up and sung from one end of Germany to the other. In 1817 he married a sister of the theologian Schleiermacher, and settled at Bonn in order to undertake the duties of professor of history. He was, however, suspended till 1840 on account of his liberal opinions, when he was restored to his chair on the accession of Frederick William IV.
ARNDT, Johann, celebrated German mystic theologian, born 1555, died 1621. His principal work, _Wahres Christenthum_ (True Christianity), is still popular in Germany, and has been translated into almost all European languages. Another of his publications is _Paradiesgaertlein_, translated into English (The Garden of Paradise).
ARNE ([.a]rn), Thomas Augustine, English composer, born at London 1710, died 1778. His first opera, _Fair Rosamond_, was performed in 1733 at Lincoln's-Inn Fields, and was received with great applause. Then followed a version of Fielding's _Tom Thumb_, altered into _The Opera of Operas_, a musical burlesque. His style in the _Comus_ (1738) is still more original and cultivated. To him we owe the national air _Rule, Britannia_, originally given in a popular piece called the _Masque of Alfred_. After having composed two oratorios and several operas he received the degree of Doctor of Music at Oxford. He composed, also, music for several of the songs in Shakespeare's dramas, and various pieces of instrumental music.
ARNEE´, one of the numerous Indian varieties of the buffalo _(Bub[)a]lus arni)_, remarkable as being the largest animal of the ox kind known. It measures about 7 feet high at the shoulders, and from 9 to 10½ feet long from the muzzle to the root of the tail. It is found chiefly in the forests at the base of the Himalayas.
