[Footnote 145: William IX. Landgrave,çoisRené later William I. Elector of Hesse-Cassel (1743-1821), a field-marshal in the Prussian service, reigning Count of Hanau (1764) and Landgrave of Hesse (1785). He entered into the coalition against France in 1792, went through the campaign of 1793, and concluded a treaty of peace with the Republic in 1795. In 1803, he changed his title of Landgrave for that of Elector, but after the battle of Jena (1806) he was deprived of his sovereignty, which he did not recover till 1813. He died in 1821. The Landgraviate of Hesse-Cassel was absorbed into Prussia in 1866.--T.]
[Footnote 146: Jerome Bonaparte became King of Westphalia, a State specially created for him, with Cassel as its capital, in 1807.--T.]
[Footnote 147: The Palace of Charlottenburg was built by Sophia Charlotte, wife of Frederic I. King of Prussia, in 1706. Windsor Castle was built by the Norman sovereigns from William I. to Edward III.; the palace at Aranjuez was begun under Philip II., from designs by Juan de Herrera; the palace at Caserta was built, in 1752, by Charles IV. King of the Two Sicilies, and III. of Spain: the castle is very old; the Palace of Fontainebleau, in 999, by Robert II. King of France: it was successively enlarged and embellished by Francis I., Henry II., Henry IV., Louis XIV., Napoleon I. and Louis-Philippe.--T.]
[Footnote 149: "Paris, 28 April. M. le Vicomte de Chateaubriand, Minister Plenipotentiary of France in Berlin, arrived in Paris on the day before yesterday" (_Moniteur_, 29 April 1821).--B.]
[Footnote 150: _Vide_ the incident of the Bordeaux market-women, _supra_, p. 24.--T.]
[Footnote 151: The baptism took place at Notre Dame on the 1st of May 1821. Chateaubriand was restored to the list of ministers of State, Messieurs de Blacas and de Montesquieu were created dukes and numerous promotions were made in the several Orders.--B.]
[Footnote 152: Villèle and Corbière resigned on the 27th of July 1821, on the question of the censorship.--B.]
[Footnote 153: Pierre Paul Royer-Collard (1763-1845), politician and philosopher, was President of the Commission of Public Instruction in 1816, resigned this office in 1820, when the Ultra-Royalist Party had won the day, opposed the reactionary measures in the Chamber of Deputies and, in 1828, became President of the Chamber. Royer-Collard held no office after 1830. He was elected a member of the French Academy in 1827.--T.]